Negro American League Franchises
- Atlanta Black Crackers (1938)
- Birmingham Black Barons (1937–1938; 1940–1950)
- Chicago American Giants (1937–1950)
- Cincinnati Tigers (1937)
- Detroit Stars (1937)
- Indianapolis Athletics (1937)
- Kansas City Monarchs (1937–1950)
- Memphis Red Sox (1937–1950)
- St. Louis Stars (1937)
- Indianapolis ABC's (1938–1939)
- Jacksonville Red Caps (1938; 1941–1942) /Cleveland Bears (1939–1940)
- St. Louis Stars (II) (1939)/New Orleans-St. Louis Stars (1940–1941)/Harrisburg-St. Louis Stars (1943)
- Toledo Crawfords (1939)/Indianapolis Crawfords (1940)
- Cincinnati Buckeyes (1942)/Cleveland Buckeyes (1943–1948)/Louisville Buckeyes (1949)
- Cincinnati Clowns (1943)/Cincinnati-Indianapolis Clowns (1944–1945)/Indianapolis Clowns (1946–1950)
- Baltimore Elite Giants (1949–1950) from the Negro National League
- Houston Eagles (1949–1950) from the Negro National League
- New York Cubans (1949–1950) from the Negro National League
- Philadelphia Stars (1949–1950) from the Negro National League
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“The warped, distorted frame we have put around every Negro child from birth is around every white child also. Each is on a different side of the frame but each is pinioned there. And ... what cruelly shapes and cripples the personality of one is as cruelly shaping and crippling the personality of the other.”
—Lillian Smith (1897–1966)
“The American people owe it to themselves, and to the cause of free Government, to prove by their establishments for the advancement and diffusion of knowledge, that their political Institutions ... are as favorable to the intellectual and moral improvement of Man as they are conformable to his individual and social rights.”
—James Madison (1751–1836)
“He will deliver you from six troubles; in seven no harm shall touch you. In famine he will redeem you from death, and in war from the power of the sword. You shall be hidden from the scourge of the tongue, and shall not fear destruction when it comes. At destruction and famine you shall laugh, and shall not fear the wild animals of the earth. For you shall be in league with the stones of the field, and the wild animals shall be at peace with you.”
—Bible: Hebrew, Job 5:19-23.