A one-dimensional symmetry group is a mathematical group that describes symmetries in one dimension (1D).
A pattern in 1D can be represented as a function f(x) for, say, the color at position x.
The 1D isometries map x to x + a and to a − x. Isometries which leave the function unchanged are translations x + a with a such that f(x + a) = f(x) and reflections a − x with a such that f(a − x) = f(x).
Read more about One-dimensional Symmetry Group: Translational Symmetry, Patterns Without Translational Symmetry, 1D-symmetry of A Function Vs. 2D-symmetry of Its Graph, Group Action, Orbits and Stabilizers
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