This is a list of noted scientists from India.
- Aryabhata
- Baudhayana
- Bhāskara I
- Bhāskara II
- Brahmagupta
- Charaka
- Halayudha
- Nagarjuna
- Sushruta
- Varāhamihira
- Kanada
- Animesh Chakravorty
- Anil Kakodkar - Nuclear Expert
- APJ Abdul Kalam – Ex President of India, Father of missile program of India
- Arun Netravali – chief Scientist and former CEO of Bell Labs
- Arun Majumdar
- Ashok Gadgil – inventor of the UV-disinfection method
- Ashoke Sen – string theorist
- U. Aswathanarayana
- Birbal Sahni
- CNR Rao
- Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis – founder of Indian Statistical Institute, known for introducing the concept of Mahalanobis distance
- C. R. Rao – known for Rao–Blackwell theorem, Cramér–Rao bound
- Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman – physicist who discovered and modelled the Raman effect
- D. Bap Reddy – entomologist
- D. R. Kaprekar – number theorist
- Jayant Narlikar – astrophysicist whose work on conformal gravity theory with Sir Fred Hoyle, called Hoyle–Narlikar theory
- Vinod Johri
- G Madhavan Nair
- G. N. Ramachandran
- Gajendra Pal Singh Raghava – bioinformatician
- Ganapathi Thanikaimoni - Botanist, Palynologist
- Gomatam Ravi - theoretical quantum physicist, one of the pioneers in the field of consciousness studies
- Gopalasamudram Narayana Iyer Ramachandran
- Govindarajan Padmanabhan
- Har Gobind Khorana - Nobel Laureate; Biologist
- Harish Chandra
- Homi Jehangir Bhabha - Nuclear physicist ; Founder of Indian Nuclear program
- Jagdish Chandra Bose – pioneer of radio and microwave optics and inventor of the crescograph
- Jagjit Singh (writer) - science popularizer and UNESCO's first Asian Kalinga Award winner
- K. Radhakrishnan
- K. R. Ramanathan
- Kailas Nath Kaul – botanist
- Kotcherlakota Rangadhama Rao
- Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan
- Krishna Ella
- Lalji Singh - Biologist, face of India Cellular-Genetic research
- M.a.Padmanabha Rao- made Six Fundamental Physics Discoveries including the discovery of Bharat Radiation.
- M. G. K. Menon
- M. S. Swaminathan - Biologist ; face of India green revolution.
- Manchanahalli Rangaswamy Satyanarayana Rao
- Manindra Agrawal – computer scientist, co-inventor of the AKS primality testing algorithm
- Manilal Bhaumik – pioneer of laser therapy
- Man Mohan Sharma
- Meghnad Saha
- ML Madan
- Mathukumalli Vidyasagar - control theorist
- Nagendra Kumar Singh - plant biotechnologist, Functional Genomics (First to sequence Pigeonpea Genome)
- Nariman Mehta – developer of the smoking cessation drug Zyban
- Narendra Karmarkar – applied mathematician who developed Karmarkar's algorithm
- Nitya Anand
- Padmanabhan Balaram
- Pandurang Sadashiv Khankhoje
- Patcha Ramachandra Rao
- Pawan Kumar Bharti - environmentalist, Antarctician, Indian Antarctic Program, Goa
- Pranav Mistry - Inventor, Computer scientist
- Prem Chand Pandey – oceanographer, meteorologist, physicist, and founder director of the NCAOR, the Indian Antarctic Program
- Abhay Ashtekar – known for "Ashtekar Variables", and a founder of the theory of Loop quantum gravity
- Raghunath Anant Mashelkar
- Atul Kumar – medicinal chemist, developer of a new antiosteoporosis drug candidate
- Rajeev Motwani- Computer scientist
- Ranajit Chakraborty
- Roddam Narasimha
- S. Bhagavantam
- S. Ramaseshan
- Salim Ali
- Samir K. Brahmachari
- Satish Kumar- Mechanical Engineer, Who discovered and designed the new concepts of feature weapons
- Satyendra Nath Bose - best known for his work on quantum mechanics, Bose–Einstein statistics and the theory of the Bose–Einstein condensate
- Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar
- Shreeram Shankar Abhyankar – mathematician, known for his work in algebraic geometry and Abhyankar's conjecture
- Sir M. Visvesvaraya
- Srinivasa Ramanujan
- Subramanyan Chandrasekhar
- Suri Bhagavantam - physicist
- Sunil Mukhi- physicist
- Sujoy K. Guha
- Sunder Lal Hora
- Swapan Chattopadhyay
- Rajesh Gopakumar - string theorist
- Tej P Singh
- Dronamraju Krishna Rao
- Udipi Ramachandra Rao
- Vainu Bappu
- Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
- Vijay P. Bhatkar
- Vikram Sarabhai-founder of space program of India
- VV Thanga Thirupathy an Inventor
- William Stephen Atkinson
- Yelavarthy Nayudamma - chemical engineer
- Yellapragada Subbarao
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“We crossed a deep and wide bay which makes eastward north of Kineo, leaving an island on our left, and keeping to the eastern side of the lake. This way or that led to some Tomhegan or Socatarian stream, up which the Indian had hunted, and whither I longed to go. The last name, however, had a bogus sound, too much like sectarian for me, as if a missionary had tampered with it; but I knew that the Indians were very liberal. I think I should have inclined to the Tomhegan first.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)
“Suppose that humans happen to be so constructed that they desire the opportunity for freely undertaken productive work. Suppose that they want to be free from the meddling of technocrats and commissars, bankers and tycoons, mad bombers who engage in psychological tests of will with peasants defending their homes, behavioral scientists who can’t tell a pigeon from a poet, or anyone else who tries to wish freedom and dignity out of existence or beat them into oblivion.”
—Noam Chomsky (b. 1928)