Yeasts Include A Great Diversity of Organisms
In general, fungi are excellent hosts for the production of recombinant proteins. They offer a desired ease of genetic manipulation and rapid growth to high cell densities on inexpensive media. As eukaryotes, they are able to perform protein modifications like glycosylation (addition of sugars), thus producing even complex foreign proteins that are identical or very similar to native products from plant or mammalian sources. The first yeast expression platform was based on the commonly known baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However the baker’s yeast is only one of more than 800 different yeasts with different characteristics and capabilities. For instance some of them grow on a wide range of carbon sources and are not restricted to glucose, as it is the case with baker’s yeast. Several of them are also applied to genetic engineering and to the production of foreign proteins. Here a selection:
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“I think the authors of that notable instrument [the Declaration of Independence] intended to include all men.”
—Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865)
“We call the intention good which is right in itself, but the action is good, not because it contains within it some good, but because it issues from a good intention. The same act may be done by the same man at different times. According to the diversity of his intention, however, this act may be at one time good, at another bad.”
—Peter Abelard (1079–1142)
“The white man regards the universe as a gigantic machine hurtling through time and space to its final destruction: individuals in it are but tiny organisms with private lives that lead to private deaths: personal power, success and fame are the absolute measures of values, the things to live for. This outlook on life divides the universe into a host of individual little entities which cannot help being in constant conflict thereby hastening the approach of the hour of their final destruction.”
—Policy statement, 1944, of the Youth League of the African National Congress. pt. 2, ch. 4, Fatima Meer, Higher than Hope (1988)