List of State Leaders in 1990 - Europe

Europe

  • Albania
    • Communist Party Leader - Ramiz Alia, First Secretary of the Albanian Party of Labor (1985–1991)
    • Head of State - Ramiz Alia, Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Assembly of Albania (1982–1991)
    • Premier - Adil Çarçani, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Albania (1981–1991)
  • Andorra
    • Monarchs -
      • French Co-Prince - François Mitterrand, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1981–1995)
      • Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Josep Pintat-Solans, Head of Government of Andorra (1984–1990)
      2. Òscar Ribas Reig, Head of Government of Andorra (1990–1994)
  • Austria -
    • President - Kurt Waldheim, Federal President of Austria (1986–1992)
    • Chancellor - Franz Vranitzky, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1986–1997)
  • Belgium
    • Monarch -
      • Baudouin, King of the Belgians (1951–1993)
      • Martens government, Acting Head of State of Belgium (1990)
    • Prime Minister - Wilfried Martens, Prime Minister of Belgium (1982–1992)
  • Bulgaria
    • the People's Republic of Bulgaria changed into the Republic of Bulgaria on 15 November 1990
    • Communist Party Leader - Petar Mladenov, General Secretary of the Bulgarian Communist Party (1989–1990)
    • President -
      1. Petar Mladenov, Chairman of the Council of State of Bulgaria (1989–1990)
      2. Stanko Georgiev, Acting President of Bulgaria (1990)
      3. Nikolay Todorov, Acting President of Bulgaria (1990)
      4. Zhelyu Zhelev, President of Bulgaria (1990–1997)
    • Premier -
      1. Georgi Atanasov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1986–1990)
      2. Andrey Lukanov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1990)
      3. Dimitar Popov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1990–1991)
  • Cyprus
    • President - George Vasiliou, President of Cyprus (1988–1993)
    • Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
      • President - Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1975–2005)
      • Prime Minister - Derviş Eroğlu, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (1985–1994)
  • Czech and Slovak Federal Republic -
    • the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic changed name to Czechoslovak Federal Republic on 29 March 1990 and to Czech and Slovak Federal Republic on 20 April 1990
    • Communist Party Leader - Ladislav Adamec, General Secretary of the Communisty Party of Czechoslovakia (1989–1990)
    • President - Václav Havel, President of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (1989–1992)
    • Prime Minister - Marián Čalfa, Prime Minister of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic (1989–1992)
  • Denmark
    • Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
    • Prime Minister - Poul Schlüter, Prime Minister of Denmark (1982–1993)
  • Finland
    • President - Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland (1982–1994)
    • Prime Minister - Harri Holkeri, Prime Minister of Finland (1987–1991)
  • France -
    • President - François Mitterrand, President of France (1981–1995)
    • Prime Minister - Michel Rocard, Prime Minister of France (1988–1991)
  • East Germany (German Democratic Republic) -
    • merged into West Germany, creating the unified Germany on 3 October 1990
    • Head of State -
      1. Manfred Gerlach, Acting Chairman of the Council of State of East Germany (1989–1990)
      2. Sabine Bergmann-Pohl, President of the People's Chamber of East Germany (1990)
    • Premier -
      1. Hans Modrow, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1989–1990)
      2. Lothar de Maizière, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of East Germany (1990)
  • West Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) -
    • merged with East Germany, creating the unified Germany on 3 October 1990
    • President - Richard von Weizsäcker, Federal President of West Germany (1984–1994)
    • Chancellor - Helmut Kohl, Federal Chancellor of West Germany (1982–1998)
  • Germany (Federal Republic of Germany) -
    • created by the merger of East and West Germany on 3 October 1990
    • President - Richard von Weizsäcker, Federal President of Germany (1984–1994)
    • Chancellor - Helmut Kohl, Federal Chancellor of Germany (1982–1998)
  • Greece -
    • President -
      1. Christos Sartzetakis, President of Greece (1985–1990)
      2. Konstantinos Karamanlis, President of Greece (1990–1995)
    • Prime Minister-
      1. Xenophon Zolotas, Prime Minister of Greece (1989–1990)
      2. Konstantinos Mitsotakis, Prime Minister of Greece (1990–1993)
  • Hungary
    • President -
      1. Mátyás Szűrös, Interim President of Hungary (1989–1990)
      2. Árpád Göncz, President of Hungary (1990–2000)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Miklós Németh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Hungary (1988–1990)
      2. József Antall, Prime Minister of Hungary (1990–1993)
  • Iceland
    • President - Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland (1980–1996)
    • Prime Minister - Steingrímur Hermannsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1988–1991)
  • Ireland -
    • President -
      1. Patrick Hillery, President of Ireland (1976–1990)
      2. Mary Robinson, President of Ireland (1990–1997)
    • Prime Minister - Charles Haughey, Taoiseach of Ireland (1987–1992)
  • Italy -
    • President - Francesco Cossiga, President of Italy (1985–1992)
    • Prime Minister - Giulio Andreotti, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1989–1992)
  • Liechtenstein
    • Monarch - Hans Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
    • Prime Minister - Hans Brunhart, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1978–1993)
  • Lithuania -
    • the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic declared independence on 11 March 1990 which was recognized by the USSR on 6 September 1991
    • Head of State -
      1. Vytautas Astrauskas, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of Lithuanian SSR (1987–1990)
      2. Algirdas Brazauskas, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of Lithuanian SSR (1990)
      3. Vytautas Landsbergis, Chairman of the Supreme Council of Lithuania (1990–1992)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Vytautas Sakalauskas, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Lithuanian SSR (1985–1990)
      2. Kazimira Prunskienė, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1990–1991)
  • Luxembourg
    • Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000)
    • Prime Minister - Jacques Santer, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1984–1995)
  • Malta
    • President - Ċensu Tabone, President of Malta (1989–1994)
    • Prime Minister - Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1987–1996)
  • Monaco
    • Monarch - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
    • Head of Government - Jean Ausseil, Minister of State of Monaco (1985–1991)
  • Kingdom of the Netherlands
    • Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–present)
    • Netherlands (constituent country)
      • Prime Minister - Ruud Lubbers, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1982–1994)
    • Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
      • see under North America
    • Aruba (constituent country)
      • see under North America
  • Norway -
    • Monarch - Olav V, King of Norway (1957–1991)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Jan P. Syse, Prime Minister of Norway (1989–1990)
      2. Gro Harlem Brundtland, Prime Minister of Norway (1990–1996)
  • Poland
    • Communist Party Leader - Mieczysław Rakowski, First Secretary of the Central Committee of Polish United Workers' Party (1989–1990)
    • President -
      1. Wojciech Jaruzelski, President of Poland (1989–1990)
      2. Lech Wałęsa, President of Poland (1990–1995)
    • Prime Minister - Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Prime Minister of Poland (1989–1991)
  • Portugal -
    • President - Mário Soares, President of Portugal (1986–1996)
    • Prime Minister - Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Prime Minister of Portugal (1985–1995)
  • Romania
    • President - Ion Iliescu, President of Romania (1989–1996)
    • Prime Minister - Petre Roman, Prime Minister of Romania (1989–1991)
  • San Marino
    • Captains Regent -
      1. Gloriana Ranocchini and Leo Achilli, Captains Regent of San Marino (1989–1990)
      2. Adolmiro Bartolini and Ottaviano Rossi, Captains Regent of San Marino (1990)
      3. Cesare Antonio Gasperoni and Roberto Bucci, Captains Regent of San Marino (1990–1991)
  • Soviet Union -
    • Communist Party leader - Mikhail Gorbachev, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1985–1991)
    • President - Mikhail Gorbachev, President of the Soviet Union (1988–1991)
    • Premier - Nikolai Ryzhkov, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1985–1991)
  • Spain
    • Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–present)
    • Prime Minister - Felipe González, President of the Government of Spain (1982–1996)
  • Sweden
    • Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
    • Prime Minister - Ingvar Carlsson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1986–1991)
  • Switzerland
    • Swiss Federal Council:
      Otto Stich (1983–1995), Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1983–1998), Arnold Koller (1986–1999, President), Flavio Cotti (1986–1999), René Felber (1987–1993), Adolf Ogi (1987–2000), Kaspar Villiger (1989–2003)
  • United Kingdom -
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Margaret Thatcher, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1979–1990)
      2. John Major, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1990–1997)
    • Guernsey (British Crown dependency)
      • Lieutenant-Governor -
        1. Sir Alexander Boswell, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1985–1990)
        2. Sir Michael Wilkins, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1990–1994)
      • Bailiff - Sir Charles Frossard, Bailiff of Guernsey (1982–1992)
    • Jersey (British Crown dependency)
      • Lieutenant-Governor -
        1. Sir William Pillar, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1985–1990)
        2. Sir John Sutton, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1990–1995)
      • Bailiff - Sir Peter Crill, Bailiff of Jersey (1986–1995)
    • Isle of Man (British Crown dependency)
      • Lieutenant-Governor -
        1. Laurence New, Lieutenant-Governor of Man (1985–1990)
        2. Sir Laurence Jones, Lieutenant-Governor of Man (1990–1995)
      • Chief minister - Miles Walker, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (1986–1996)
    • Gibraltar (British dependent territory)
      • Governor - Sir Derek Reffell, Governor of Gibraltar (1989–1993)
      • Chief Minister - Joe Bossano, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1988–1996)
  • Vatican City
    • Monarch - Pope John Paul II, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005)
    • President of the Governorate -
      1. Sebastiano Baggio, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1984–1990)
      2. Rosalio Lara, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1990–1997)
    • Holy See
      • Secretary of State -
        1. Agostino Casaroli, Cardinal Secretary of State (1979–1990)
        2. Angelo Sodano, Cardinal Secretary of State (1990–2006)
  • Yugoslavia -
    • Communist Party leader - Milan Pančevski, President of the Presidium of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia (1989–1990)
    • Head of State -
      1. Janez Drnovšek, Chairman of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1989–1990)
      2. Borisav Jović, Chairman of the Presidency of Yugoslavia (1990–1991)
    • Premier - Ante Marković, Chairman of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia (1989–1991)

Read more about this topic:  List Of State Leaders In 1990

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