South America
- Argentina
- President - Jorge Rafael Videla, President of Argentina (1976–1981)
- Bolivia
- President -
- Hugo Banzer, President of Bolivia (1971–1978)
- Víctor González Fuentes, Chairman of the Military Junta of Bolivia (1978)
- Juan Pereda, President of Bolivia (1978)
- David Padilla, Chairman of the Military Junta of Bolivia (1978–1979)
- President -
- Brazil
- President - Ernesto Geisel, President of Brazil (1974–1979)
- Chile
- President - Augusto Pinochet, President of Chile (1974–1990)
- Colombia
- President -
- Alfonso López Michelsen, President of Colombia (1974–1978)
- Julio César Turbay Ayala, President of Colombia (1978–1982)
- President -
- Ecuador
- Head of State - Alfredo Poveda, President of the Supreme Government Council of Ecuador (1976–1979)
- Falkland Islands (British crown colony)
- Governor - Sir James Roland Walter Parker, Governor of the Falkland Islands (1977–1980)
- Guyana
- President - Arthur Chung, President of Guyana (1970–1980)
- Prime Minister - Forbes Burnham, Prime Minister of Guyana (1964–1980)
- Paraguay
- President - Alfredo Stroessner, President of Paraguay (1954–1989)
- Peru
- Head of State - Francisco Morales Bermúdez, President of the Revolutionary Government of the Armed Forces of Peru (1975–1980)
- Prime Minister -
- Guillermo Arbulú Galliani, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1976–1978)
- Óscar Molina Pallochia, President of the council of ministers of Peru (1978–1979)
- Suriname
- President - Johan Ferrier, President of Suriname (1968–1980)
- Prime Minister - Henck Arron, Prime Minister of Suriname (1973–1980)
- Uruguay
- President - Aparicio Méndez, President of Uruguay (1976–1981)
- Venezuela
- President - Carlos Andrés Pérez, President of Venezuela (1974–1979)
Read more about this topic: List Of State Leaders In 1978
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