The July Crisis was a diplomatic crisis among the major powers of Europe in the summer of 1914 that led to the First World War. Immediately after Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb nationalist, assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, in Sarajevo, a series of diplomatic maneuverings led to an ultimatum from Austria-Hungary to Serbia, and ultimately to war.
This ultimatum was part of a coercive program meant to weaken the Kingdom of Serbia as a threat to Austria-Hungary's occupation of the northern Balkans which had a significant southern Slavic population, including a majority Serbian community in Bosnia. This was supposed to be achieved either through diplomacy or by a localized war if the ultimatum were rejected. Austria-Hungary preferred war, though Istvan Tisza, the prime minister of Austria-Hungary, hoped that the ultimatum would be reasonable enough that it would not be rejected outright.
One month after the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, thus initiating the First World War.
Read more about July Crisis: Assassination and Investigation, Serbia Drifts, Austro-Hungarian Attitude To War, German Attitude To War, Preparations For The Austro-Hungarian Ultimatum, Content of The Austro-Hungarian Ultimatum To Serbia, Serbian Response To The Ultimatum, Proposals For Mediation, Austro-Hungarian Declaration of War On Serbia, Russian Mobilization, German Mobilization, German Declarations of War
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“The change from storm and winter to serene and mild weather, from dark and sluggish hours to bright and elastic ones, is a memorable crisis which all things proclaim. It is seemingly instantaneous at last.”
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