Hanlon is a surname often associated with, but not necessarily tied to, the O'Hanlon Sept. The name may denote:
- Darren Hanlon, Australian folk musician
- George Hanlon, British-born acrobat (see Hanlon-Lees)
- Glen Hanlon, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
- John Hanlon (record producer), American record producer and recording engineer
- The Reverend John J. Hanlon, chancellor of the Diocese of Albany
- John Hanlon (singer), New Zealand singer-songwriter
- Ned Hanlon, American baseball manager
- Richie Hanlon, fictional character from Oz
- Ritchie Hanlon, English football player and manager
- Tommy Hanlon Jr, Australian television personality