Growth/differentiation factor 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GDF9 gene.
Growth factors synthesized by ovarian somatic cells directly affect oocyte growth and function. Growth differentiation factor-9 (GDF9) is expressed in oocytes and is thought to be required for ovarian folliculogenesis. GDF9 is a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) superfamily.
GDF9 plays an important role in the development of primary follicles in the ovary. It has a critical role in granulosa cell and theca cell growth, as well as in differentiation and maturation of the oocyte.
GDF9 has been connected to differences in ovulation rate and in premature cessation of ovary function, therefore has a significant role in fertility.
The cell surface receptor through which GDF9 generates a signal is the bone morphogenetic protein type II receptor (BMPR2).
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