Cardinal Secretary of State - Cardinal Secretaries of State Since 1644

Cardinal Secretaries of State Since 1644

  1. Giovanni Giacomo Panciroli (1644–1651)
  2. Fabio Chigi (1651–1655); then elected Pope Alexander VII (1655–1667)
  3. Giulio Rospigliosi (1655–1667); then elected Pope Clement IX (1667–1669)
  4. Decio Azzolini the younger (1667–1669)
  5. Federico Borromeo, junior (1670–1673)
  6. Francesco Nerli (1673–1676)
  7. Alderano Cybo (1676–1689)
  8. Giambattista Rubini (1689–1691)
  9. Fabrizio Spada (1691–1700)
  10. Fabrizio Paolucci (1700–1721) (first time)
  11. Giorgio Spinola (1721–1724)
  12. Fabrizio Paolucci (1724–1726) (second time)
  13. Niccolò Maria Lercari (1726–1730)
  14. Antonio Banchieri (1730–1733)
  15. Giuseppe Firrao, Sr. (1733–1740)
  16. Silvio Valenti Gonzaga (1740–1756)
  17. Alberico Archinto (1756–1758)
  18. Ludovico Maria Torriggiani (1758–1769)
  19. Lazzaro Opizio Pallavicini (1769–1785)
  20. Ignazio Boncompagni Ludovisi (1785–1789)
  21. Francesco Saverio de Zelada (1789–1796)
  22. Ignazio Busca (1796–1797)
  23. Giuseppe Doria Pamphili (1797–1799)
  24. Ercole Consalvi, pro-secretary (1800); secretary (1800–1806)
  25. Filippo Casoni (1806–1808)
  26. Giulio Gabrielli the Younger (1808–1814) -Giuseppe Doria Pamphilj, pro-secretary (1808) -Bartolomeo Pacca, pro-secretary (1808–1814)
  27. Ercole Consalvi (1814–1823)
  28. Giulio Maria della Somaglia (1823–1828)
  29. Tommaso Bernetti, pro-secretary (1828–1829) (first time)
  30. Giuseppe Albani (1829–1830)
  31. Tommaso Bernetti, pro-secretary (1831); cardinal secretary (1831–1836) (second time)
  32. Luigi Lambruschini (1836–1846)
  33. Tommaso Pasquale Gizzi (1846–1847)
  34. Gabriele Ferretti (1847–1848)
  35. Giuseppe Bofondi (1848–1848)
  36. Giacomo Antonelli (1848–1848)(first time)
  37. Anton Orioli (1848–1848), cardinal secretary ad interim
  38. Giovanni Soglia Ceroni (1848–1848)
  39. Giacomo Antonelli (1848–1876) (second time)
  40. Giovanni Simeoni (1876–1878)
  41. Alessandro Franchi (1878–1878)
  42. Lorenzo Nina (1878–1880)
  43. Luigi Jacobini (1880–1887)
  44. Mariano Rampolla (1887–1903)
  45. Rafael Merry del Val (1903–1914)
  46. Domenico Ferrata (Sept–Oct 1914)
  47. Pietro Gasparri (1914–1930)
  48. Eugenio Pacelli (1930–1939) then elected Pope Pius XII
  49. Luigi Maglione (1939–1944)
  50. Domenico Tardini (1958–1961)
  51. Amleto Giovanni Cicognani (1961–1969)
  52. Jean-Marie Villot (1969–1979)
  53. Agostino Casaroli (1979–1990)
  54. Angelo Sodano (1991–2006)
  55. Tarcisio Bertone (2006–present)

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    —Friedrich Nietzsche (1844–1900)

    “The concept of a mental state is primarily the concept of a state of the person apt for bringing about a certain sort of behaviour.”
    —David Malet Armstrong (b. 1926)