Several notable persons share the very typical French/Francophone surname Boulanger which is the equivalent of the English surname Baker, of the Italian surname Panettiere, etc.:
- Daniel Boulanger (born 1922), a French novelist, playwright, poet and screenwriter
- Georges Ernest Boulanger (1837–1891), French general and politician
- Georges Boulanger (violinist) (1893–1958), Romanian violinist, conductor and composer
- Graciela Rodo Boulanger (born 1935), Bolivian painter
- Gustave Boulanger (1824–1888), French painter
- Lili Boulanger (1893–1918), French composer
- Nadia Boulanger (1887–1979), French composer, Lili's sister
- Nicolas Antoine Boulanger (1722–1759), French writer of the Age of Enlightenment
- Pierre Boulanger (born 1987), French actor
- Pierre-Jules Boulanger (1885–1950), French engineer and businessman