x86 memory segmentation refers to the implementation of memory segmentation on the x86 architecture. Certain portions of the memory may be addressed by a single index register without changing a 16-bit segment selector. In real mode or V86 mode, a segment is always 65,536 bytes in size (using 16-bit offsets). In protected mode, a segment can have variable length. Segments can overlap.
Read more about X86 Memory Segmentation: Real Mode, Later Developments, Practices
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—Francis Bacon (1561–1626)