Chemical States From XPS Analyses
The ability to produce Chemical State information from the topmost 1-12 nm of any surface makes XPS a unique and invaluable tool for understanding the chemistry of any surface either, as received, or after physical or chemical treatment(s). Because modern systems use monochromatic X-ray sources, XPS measurements leave the surface free of any degradation with few exceptions.
Chemical state analysis of the surface of polymers readily reveals the presence or absence of the chemical states of carbon known as: carbide (C 2-), hydrocarbon (C-C), alcohol (C-OH), ketone (C=O), organic ester (COOR), carbonate (CO3), fluoro-hydrocarbon (CF2-CH2), trifluorocarbon (CF3).
Chemical state analysis of the surface of a silicon wafer readily reveals the presence or absence of the chemical states of silicon known as: n-doped silicon, p-doped silicon, silicon suboxide (Si2O), silicon monoxide (SiO), Si2O3, silicon dioxide (SiO2).
Read more about this topic: X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
Famous quotes containing the words chemical, states and/or analyses:
“We are close to dead. There are faces and bodies like gorged maggots on the dance floor, on the highway, in the city, in the stadium; they are a host of chemical machines who swallow the product of chemical factories, aspirin, preservatives, stimulant, relaxant, and breathe out their chemical wastes into a polluted air. The sense of a long last night over civilization is back again.”
—Norman Mailer (b. 1923)
“Action from principle, the perception and the performance of right, changes things and relations; it is essentially revolutionary, and does not consist wholly with anything which was. It not only divides States and churches, it divides families; ay, it divides the individual, separating the diabolical in him from the divine.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)
“The more one analyses people, the more all reasons for analysis disappear. Sooner or later one comes to that dreadful universal thing called human nature.”
—Oscar Wilde (1854–1900)