Ways of Recitation
There are 7 Mutawatir (a transmission which has independent chains of authorities so wide as to rule out the possibility of any error and on which there is consensus) ways of reading (or Qira'at) and 3 Mashhur (these are slightly less wide in their transmission, but still so wide as to make error highly unlikely) as listed below:
Mutawatir
- Nafi' (d. 169/785)
- Ibn Kathir (d. 120/737)
- Abu 'Amr ibn al-'Ala' (d. 154/770)
- Ibn 'Amir (d. 154/762)
- 'Asim (d. 127/744)
- Hamza (d. 156/772)
- al-Kisa'i (d. 189/904)
Mashhur
- Abu Ja'far (d. 130/747)
- Ya'qub (d. 205/820)
- Khalaf (d. 229/843)
However, the most common is Hafs on the authority of 'Asim, which have been used all over the world of Islam.
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