Pronunciation Respelling For English - Traditional Respelling Systems

Traditional Respelling Systems

The following chart matches the IPA symbols used to represent the sounds of the English language with the phonetic symbols used in several dictionaries, a majority of which transcribe American English.

These works adhere (for the most part) to the one-symbol-per-sound principle. Other works not included here, such as Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary of the English Language (unabridged, 2nd ed.), do not, and thus have several different symbols for the same sound (partly to allow for different phonemic mergers and splits).

The full titles of abbreviated column headings in the following table are viewable in interactive media (as opposed to hard copy), using the pointer. To see the full titles, hover over the abbreviations. On touch screens, a long press and cancel may show them.

Consonants
IPA1 IPA2 APA WPRK NOAD AHD RHD WBO MECD DPL DPN NBC MWCD COD4 POD Cham AB Dictcom BBC Wikipedia¹ Wikipedia² Examples
tʃ tʃ č ch ᴄʜ ch c͡h ch ch ch ch ch ch ch ch ch ch ch ch, tch ch ch church
h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h hh h h h h hat
hw hw hw wh (h)w hw hw hw hw hw hw (h)w hw hw wh which
dʒ dʒ ǯ j j j j j j j j j j j j j jh j j j j judge
x x x kh ᴋʜ ᴋ͡ʜ kh k (χ) kh hh ᴋʜ kh kh kh loch, Buch
ɬ ɬ ł hl hl llan
ɡ9 g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g g, gh game, tag, regal
ŋ ŋ ŋ ng ɴɢ ng n͡g ng ng ŋ ng ng ŋ ng ng ng ng ng ng
(ng-g, nk)		 ng ng thing
ʃ ʃ š sh ꜱʜ sh s͡h sh sh sh sh sh sh sh sh sh sh sh sh sh sh ship, dish, ration
θ θ θ th ᴛʜ th t͡h th th th th th th th th th th th th th th thin, thigh, beneath
ð ð ð dh ᴛʜ th th̸ th th th t̷h th: th dh th dh dh th dh dh dh this, thy
j j y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y yes
ʒ ʒ ž zh ᴢʜ zh z͡h zh zh zh zh zh zh zh zh zh zh zh zh zh zh vision, pleasure
The following letters have the same values in all systems listed: b, d, f, k, l, m, n, p, r1, s, t, v, w, z.
Vowels
IPA1 IPA2 APA WPRK NOAD AHD RHD WBO MECD DPL DPN NBC MWCD COD4 POD Cham AB Dictcom BBC Wikipedia¹ Wikipedia² Examples
æ æ æ a a ă a a a a a a a ă a a ae a a (arr) ă a (arr) pat, lad, cat, ran
eɪ e e(y) ay ā ā ā ay ay ā ay ay ā ā ay ā ey ey ay ā ay pay, day
ɛər ɛr εr air e(ə)r âr âr air air - - air ar ār air ār eh r air air ār air care, hair, there
ɑː ɑ a ah ä ä ä ah aa ä aw, o ah ä, ȧ ah aa ä aa ah aa â ah father, palm
ɑr ɑr ar ar är är är ahr aar är - ahr är a͡r aar är aa r ahr ar âr ar arm
ɛ ɛ ε e e ĕ e eh e e ɛ e e ě e e eh e e (err) ĕ e (err) let, head
iː i i(y) ee ē ē ē ee ee ē ē ee ē ē ee ē iy ee ee ē ee bee, see
ɪər ɪr ιr eer i(ə)r îr ēr ihr eer ir ēr eer īr ih r eer eer ēr eer pier, near, here
ɪ ɪ ɪ i i ĭ i ih i i i i i ǐ i i ih i i (irr) ĭ i (irr) pit, city
aɪ aɪ ay eye, -y6 ī ī ī y ī ī y igh ī ī ī ī ay ahy y ī y, eye item, pie, by, my
ɒ ɑ a o ä ŏ o o o ä o ah ä ǒ o o aa o o (orr) ŏ o (orr) pot, not, wasp
oʊ o o(w) oh ō ō ō oh ō ō ō oh ō ō ō ō ow oh oh ō oh toe, no
ɔː ɔ ɔ aw ô ô ô aw aw ô aw, o aw ȯ aw aw ö ao aw aw ô aw caught, paw
ɔr ɔr ɔr or, awr ôr ôr ȯr awr or ôr awr, or north, war
ɔər or o(w)r or, ohr awr, ohr ōr ohr, or force, wore
ɔɪ ɔɪ ɔy oy oi oi oi oy oy oi oy oi ȯi oi oy oi oy oi oy oy oy noise, boy
ʊ ᴜ ᴜ uu o͝o o͝o o͝o u o͝o oo u oo u̇ o͝o o͝o ŭ2 uh oo uu ŏŏ uu took, put
ʊər ᴜr ᴜr oor o͝or o͝or o͝or ur oor u̇r oor oor uh r oor oor oor oor tour
uː u u(w) oo o͞o o͞o o͞o oo oo o͞o ū oo: ü o͞o o͞o oo2 uw oo oo ōō oo boot, soon, through
aʊ aᴜ aw ow ou ou ou ow ow ou ow ow au̇ ow ow ow aw ou ow ow ow out, now
ʌ ʌ ʌ u ə ŭ u uh u u ʋ UH ə ǔ u u ah uh u (urr) ŭ u (urr) cut, run, enough
ɜr, ɝː ɜr ur ər ər ûr ûr ur ur ʉr er ER ər e͡r ər ûr er ur ur ûr ur urge, term, firm, word, heard, bird
ə ə ə ə ə ə ə uh ə ə e uh ə a, e, i, o, u ə ə ah uh uh ə ə about, item, gallop, circus
ɨ ɪ, ə ə ə, i 7 ə, i ə ə uh ə ə e uh ə a, e, i, o, u ə ə ah uh i ı i, ə rabbit, edible, garbage
ər ɚ ər ər ər ər ər uhr ər ər er er ər er ər ər er er uhr ər ər butter, winner
juː ju yu ew yo͞o yo͞o yo͞o yoo yoo yo͞o yū yoo: yü ū yo͞o ū y uw yoo yoo ū ew pupil
a ȧ ᴀ ȧ ami
øː, œ œ ɔ̈ œ œ ɶ œ̄, œ ɶ oe ö feu, schön, zwölf
yː, ʏ y ü ʏ ü ʏ u͞e, ue ʏ ue ü tu, über
ɔ̃ õ ɔ̨ ôɴ ôɴ ôɴ ōⁿ oɴ awɴ o(ng) ôⁿ bon 3
Stress
IPA1 IPA2 APA WPRK NOAD AHD RHD WBO MECD DPL DPN NBC MWCD COD4 POD Cham AB Dictcom BBC Wikipedia¹ Wikipedia² Examples
ˈa ˋa á ᴀ ˈa aʹ ˈa a. á a' 1 a A a′ A primary (tonic) stress
ˌa ˊa à ˌa aʹ
5		 ˌa (a.) 2 a a secondary stress
a a a a 0 a8 a a tertiary stress

Read more about this topic:  Pronunciation Respelling For English

Famous quotes containing the words traditional and/or systems:

    “The invention of photography provided a radically new picture-making process—a process based not on synthesis but on selection. The difference was a basic one. Paintings were made—constructed from a storehouse of traditional schemes and skills and attitudes—but photographs, as the man on the street put, were taken.”
    —Jean Szarkowski (b. 1925)

    “What avails it that you are a Christian, if you are not purer than the heathen, if you deny yourself no more, if you are not more religious? I know of many systems of religion esteemed heathenish whose precepts fill the reader with shame, and provoke him to new endeavors, though it be to the performance of rites merely.”
    —Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)