Plekhanov is the name of:
- Andrei Plekhanov (born 1986)), Russian ice hockey player
- Georgi Plekhanov (1856–1918), Russian revolutionary and Marxist theoretician
- Sergei M. Plekhanov (born 1946), former Soviet Union government adviser, associate professor of Political Science at York University
- Vladimir Plekhanov (inventor) (born 1920), Russian firearms designer
- Vladimir Plekhanov (athlete) (born 1958), Russian triple jumper
Plekhanov may also refer to:
- Plekhanov Russian Economic University, public university in Moscow
- Plekhanov House, collection of the Russian National Library in St Petersburg
- 14479 Plekhanov, main belt asteroid