Philipson is a surname that refers to:
- Craig Philipson (b. 1982), Australian cricketer
- David Philipson (1862–1949), American Reform rabbi, orator, and author
- Hilton Philipson (1892–1941), British politician; elected as MP from Berwick-upon-Tweed but election was overturned
- Hylton Murray-Philipson (1902–1934), British politician; MP from Peebles and Southern 1931–35
- Hylton Philipson (1866–1935), English cricketer
- Mabel Philipson (1887–1951), British actress and politician; MP from Berwick-upon-Tweed 1923–29
- Robin Philipson (1916–1992), British artist
- Tomas J. Philipson (contemporary), American professor of health economics
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