Nielson is a surname. It refers to:
- Claire Nielson (b. 1937), British television actress
- Howard C. Nielson (b. 1924), American politician from Utah; U.S. Representative 1983–91
- Niel Nielson (contemporary), American academic; president of Covenant College, Georgia, USA
- Poul Nielson (b. 1943), Danish politician and government minister
- Nielson (singer) (b. 1989), Dutch singer-songwriter
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