Mommsen is a surname, and may refer to one of a family of German historians, see Mommsen family:
- Theodor Mommsen (1817 – 1903), great classical scholar, and winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature
- Tycho Mommsen (1819 – 1900)
- Wilhelm Mommsen (1892 – 1966)
- Theodor Ernst Mommsen (1905 – 1958)
- Hans Mommsen (born 1930), historian who favours a functionalist explanation of the Holocaust. Is known for his thesis of Hitler as a "weak dictator"
- Wolfgang Mommsen (1930 – 2004), historian who focused on 19th- to 20th-century British and German history, and the comparison of the two nations.