Africa
- Algeria -
- President - Chadli Bendjedid, President of Algeria (1979–1992)
- Prime Minister -
- Mouloud Hamrouche, Prime Minister of Algeria (1989–1991)
- Sid Ahmed Ghozali, Prime Minister of Algeria (1991–1992)
- Angola -
- Communist Party Leader - José Eduardo dos Santos, Secretary of the Popular Liberation Movement of Angola-Labor Party (1979–1991)
- President - José Eduardo dos Santos, President of Angola (1979–present)
- Prime Minister - Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem, Prime Minister of Angola (1991–1992)
- Benin -
- President -
- Mathieu Kérékou, President of Benin (1972–1991)
- Nicéphore Soglo, President of Benin (1991–1996)
- President -
- Botswana -
- President - Sir Quett Masire, President of Botswana (1980–1998)
- Burkina Faso -
- Head of State - Blaise Compaoré, Head of State of Burkina Faso (1987–present)
- Burundi -
- President - Pierre Buyoya, President of Burundi (1987–1993)
- Prime Minister - Adrien Sibomana, Prime Minister of Burundi (1988–1993)
- Cameroon -
- President - Paul Biya, President of Cameroon (1982–present)
- Prime Minister - Sadou Hayatou, Prime Minister of Cameroon (1991–1992)
- Cape Verde -
- President -
- Aristides Pereira, President of Cape Verde (1975–1991)
- António Mascarenhas Monteiro, President of Cape Verde (1991–2001)
- Prime Minister -
- Pedro Pires, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1975–1991)
- Carlos Veiga, Prime Minister of Cape Verde (1991–2000)
- President -
- Central African Republic -
- President - André Kolingba, President of the Central African Republic (1981–1993)
- Prime Minister - Édouard Frank, Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (1991–1992)
- Chad -
- President - Idriss Déby, President of Chad (1990–present)
- Prime Minister - Jean Alingué Bawoyeu, Prime Minister of Chad (1991–1992)
- Comoros -
- President - Said Mohamed Djohar, President of Comoros (1989–1995)
- Congo -
- Communist Party Leader - Denis Sassou Nguesso, Chairman of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Congolese Labor Party (1979–1991)
- President - Denis Sassou Nguesso, President of Congo (1979–1992)
- Prime Minister -
- Pierre Moussa, Acting Prime Minister of Congo (1990–1991)
- Louis Sylvain Goma, Prime Minister of Congo (1991)
- André Milongo, Prime Minister of Congo (1991–1992)
- Côte d'Ivoire -
- President - Félix Houphouët-Boigny, President of Côte d'Ivoire (1960–1993)
- Prime Minister - Alassane Ouattara, Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire (1990–1993)
- Djibouti -
- President - Hassan Gouled Aptidon, President of Djibouti (1977–1999)
- Prime Minister - Barkat Gourad Hamadou, Prime Minister of Djibouti (1978–2001)
- Egypt -
- President - Hosni Mubarak, President of Egypt (1981–2011)
- Prime Minister - Atef Sedki, Prime Minister of Egypt (1986–1996)
- Equatorial Guinea -
- President - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo, President of Equatorial Guinea (1979–present)
- Prime Minister - Cristino Seriche Bioko, Prime Minister of Equatorial Guinea (1982–1992)
- Ethiopia
- the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia changed into Ethiopia on 27 May 1991
- Communist Party Leader - Mengistu Haile Mariam, General Secretary of the Workers' Party of Ethiopia (1984–1991)
- President -
- Mengistu Haile Mariam, President of Ethiopia (1977–1991)
- Tesfaye Gebre Kidan, Acting President of Ethiopia (1991)
- Meles Zenawi, Interim President of Ethiopia (1991–1995)
- Prime Minister -
- Hailu Yimenu, Acting Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1989–1991)
- Tesfaye Dinka, Acting Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1991)
- Tamirat Layne, Acting Prime Minister of Ethiopia (1991–1995)
- Eritrea (secessionist state)
- Secretary-general of the Provisional Government - Isaias Afewerki, Secretary-general of the Provisional Government of Eritrea (1991–present)
- Gabon -
- President - Omar Bongo, President of Gabon (1967–2009)
- Prime Minister - Casimir Oyé-Mba, Prime Minister of Gabon (1990–1994)
- The Gambia -
- President - Sir Dawda Jawara, President of The Gambia (1970–1994)
- Ghana
- Head of State - Jerry Rawlings, Chairman of the Provisional National Defence Council of Ghana (1981–2001)
- Guinea -
- President - Lansana Conté, President of Guinea (1984–2008)
- Guinea-Bissau -
- Head of State - João Bernardo Vieira, Chairman of the Council of State of Guinea-Bissau (1984–1999)
- Prime Minister - Carlos Correia, Prime Minister of Guinea-Bissau (1991–1994)
- Kenya -
- President - Daniel arap Moi, President of Kenya (1978–2002)
- Lesotho -
- Monarch - Letsie III, King of Lesotho (1990–1995)
- Head of Government -
- Justin Lekhanya, Chairman of the Military Council of Lesotho (1986–1991)
- Elias Phisoana Ramaema, Chairman of the Military Council of Lesotho (1991–1993)
- Liberia -
- Head of State - Amos Sawyer, President of the Interim Government of National Unity of Liberia (1990–1994)
- Libya
- De facto Head of State - Muammar Gaddafi, Guide of the Revolution of Libya (1969–2011)
- Nominal Head of State - Abdul Razzaq as-Sawsa, General Secretary of the General People's Congress of Libya (1990–1992)
- Head of Government - Abuzed Omar Dorda, General Secretary of the General People's Committee of Libya (1990–1994)
- Madagascar -
- President - Didier Ratsiraka, President of Madagascar (1975–1993)
- Prime Minister -
- Victor Ramahatra, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1988–1991)
- Guy Razanamasy, Prime Minister of Madagascar (1991–1993)
- Malawi -
- President - Hastings Banda, President for Life of Malawi (1966–1994)
- Mali -
- Head of State -
- Moussa Traoré, President of Mali (1968–1991)
- Amadou Toumani Touré, Chairman of the Transitional Committee for the Salvation of the People of Mali (1991–1992)
- Prime Minister - Soumana Sacko, Prime Minister of Mali (1991–1992)
- Head of State -
- Mauritania -
- Head of State - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Head of State of Mauritania (1984–2005)
- Prime Minister - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, Prime Minister of Mauritania (1984–1992)
- Mauritius
- Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of Mauritius (1968–1992)
- Governor-General - Sir Veerasamy Ringadoo, Governor-General of Mauritius (1986–1992)
- Prime Minister - Sir Anerood Jugnauth, Prime Minister of Mauritius (1982–1995)
- Mayotte (Territorial collectivity of France)
- Prefect - Jean-Paul Coste, Prefect of Mayotte (1990–1993)
- President of the General Council -
- Younoussa Bamana, President of the General Council of Mayotte (1976–1991)
- Hamissi Hassane, President of the General Council of Mayotte (1991)
- Younoussa Bamana, President of the General Council of Mayotte (1991–2004)
- Morocco -
- Monarch - Hassan II, King of Morocco (1961–1999)
- Prime Minister - Azzeddine Laraki, Prime Minister of Morocco (1986–1992)
- Western Sahara (self-declared, partially recognized state)
- President - Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1976–present)
- Prime Minister - Mahfoud Ali Beiba, Prime Minister of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (1988–1993)
- Mozambique -
- President - Joaquim Chissano, President of Mozambique (1986–2005)
- Prime Minister - Mário da Graça Machungo, Prime Minister of Mozambique (1986–1994)
- Namibia -
- President - Sam Nujoma, President of Namibia (1990–2005)
- Prime Minister - Hage Geingob, Prime Minister of Namibia (1990–2002)
- Niger -
- President - Ali Saïbou, President of Niger (1987–1993)
- Prime Minister -
- Aliou Mahamidou, Prime Minister of Niger (1990–1991)
- Amadou Cheiffou, Prime Minister of Niger (1991–1993)
- Nigeria -
- Head of State - Ibrahim Babangida, President of the Armed Forces Ruling Council of Nigeria (1985–1993)
- Rwanda -
- President - Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (1973–1994)
- Prime Minister - Sylvestre Nsanzimana, Prime Minister of Rwanda (1991–1992)
- Saint Helena and Dependencies (British overseas territory)
- Governor -
- Robert F Stimson, Governor of Saint Helena (1988–1991)
- Alan Hoole, Governor of Saint Helena (1991–1995)
- Governor -
- São Tomé and Príncipe -
- President -
- Manuel Pinto da Costa, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1975–1991)
- Leonel Mário d'Alva, Interim Head of State of São Tomé and Príncipe (1991)
- Miguel Trovoada, President of São Tomé and Príncipe (1991–1995)
- Prime Minister -
- Celestino Rocha da Costa, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1988–1991)
- Daniel Daio, Prime Minister of São Tomé and Príncipe (1991–1992)
- President -
- Senegal -
- President - Abdou Diouf, President of Senegal (1981–2000)
- Prime Minister - Habib Thiam, Prime Minister of Senegal (1991–1998)
- Seychelles -
- President - France-Albert René, President of Seychelles (1977–2004)
- Sierra Leone -
- President - Joseph Saidu Momoh, President of Sierra Leone (1985–1992)
- Somalia -
- Somali Democratic Republic superseded by the Somali Republic on 21 July 1991
- Communist Party Leader - Siad Barre, Secretary-general of the Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party (1976–1991)
- President -
- Siad Barre, President of Somalia (1969–1991)
- Ali Mahdi Muhammad, Interim President of Somalia (1991)
- Prime Minister -
- Muhammad Hawadle Madar, Prime Minister of Somalia (1990–1991)
- Umar Arteh Ghalib, Prime Minister of Somalia (1991–1997)
- Somaliland (unrecognized secessionist state)
- declared independence on 24 May 1991
- President - Abdirahman Ahmed Ali Tuur, President of Somaliland (1991–1993)
- South Africa -
- President - F. W. de Klerk, State President of South Africa (1989–1994)
- Sudan -
- Head of State - Omar al-Bashir, Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council for National Salvation of Sudan (1989–present)
- Swaziland -
- Monarch - Mswati III, King of Swaziland (1986–present)
- Prime Minister - Obed Dlamini, Prime Minister of Swaziland (1989–1993)
- Tanzania -
- President - Ali Hassan Mwinyi, President of Tanzania (1985–1995)
- Prime Minister - John Malecela, Prime Minister of Tanzania (1990–1994)
- Togo -
- President - Gnassingbé Eyadéma, President of Togo (1967–2005)
- Prime Minister - Joseph Kokou Koffigoh, Prime Minister of Togo (1991–1994)
- Tunisia -
- President - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, President of Tunisia (1987–2011)
- Prime Minister - Hamed Karoui, Prime Minister of Tunisia (1989–1999)
- Uganda -
- President - Yoweri Museveni, President of Uganda (1986–present)
- Prime Minister -
- Samson Kisekka, Prime Minister of Uganda (1986–1991)
- George Cosmas Adyebo, Prime Minister of Uganda (1991–1994)
- Zaire -
- President - Mobutu Sese Seko, President of Zaire (1965–1997)
- Head of Government -
- Lunda Bululu, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1990–1991)
- Mulumba Lukoji, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1991)
- Étienne Tshisekedi, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1991)
- Bernardin Mungul Diaka, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1991)
- Jean Nguza Karl-i-Bond, First State Commissioner of Zaire (1991–1992)
- Zambia -
- President -
- Kenneth Kaunda, President of Zambia (1964–1991)
- Frederick Chiluba, President of Zambia (1991–2002)
- Prime Minister - Malimba Masheke, Prime Minister of Zambia (1989–1991)
- President -
- Zimbabwe -
- President - Robert Mugabe, President of Zimbabwe (1987–present)
Read more about this topic: List Of State Leaders In 1991
Famous quotes containing the word africa:
“In Africa I had indeed found a sufficiently frightful kind of loneliness but the isolation of this American ant heap was even more shattering.”
—Louis-Ferdinand Céline (18941961)
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