List of State Leaders in 1920 - Europe

Europe

  • Albania
    • Head of State -
      1. Turhan Përmeti, Chairman of the Provisional Government of Albania (1918–1920)
      2. Sulejman Delvina, Chairman of the National Government of Albania (1920)
      3. High Council of Regency, Head of State of Albania (1920–1925)
    • Prime Minister - Iliaz Vrioni, Prime Minister of Albania (1920–1921)
  • Andorra
    • Monarchs -
      • French Co-Prince -
        1. Raymond Poincaré, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1913–1920)
        2. Paul Deschanel, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1920)
        3. Alexandre Millerand, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1920–1924)
      • Episcopal Co-Prince -
        1. Jaume Viladrich i Gaspa, Acting Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1919–1920)
        2. Justí Guitart i Vilardebó, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1920–1940)
    • First Syndic -
      1. Josep Vilanova, First Syndic of Andorra (1918–1920)
      2. Josep Grepa, Acting First Syndic of Andorra (1920)
      3. Bonaventura Villarubia, First Syndic of Andorra (1920–1923)
  • Armenia
    • the Democratic Republic of Armenia was superseded by the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic on 2 December 1920
    • Communist Party Leader - Gevork Alikhanyan, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Armenia (1920–1921)
    • Head of State -
      1. Avetis Aharonyan, Chairman of the Parliament of Armenia (1919–1920)
      2. Sarkis Kasyan, Chairman of the Military Revolutionary Committee of Armenia (1920–1921)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Alexander Khatisyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (1919–1920)
      2. Hamo Ohanjanyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (1920)
      3. Simon Vratsian, Prime Minister of Armenia (1920)
  • Austria
    • President -
      1. Karl Seitz, President of the Constituent National Assembly of Austria (1919–1920)
      2. Michael Hainisch, Federal President of Austria (1920–1928)
    • Chancellor -
      1. Karl Renner, Chancellor of Austria (1918–1920)
      2. Michael Mayr, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1920–1921)
  • Azerbaijan
    • the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was superseded by the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic on 28 April 1920
    • Communist Party Leader -
      1. Mirza Davud Huseynov, First secretary of the Azerbaijani Communist Party (1920)
      2. Grigory Kaminsky, First secretary of the Azerbaijani Communist Party (1920–1921)
    • Head of State -
      1. Alimardan Topchubashov, Chairman of Parliament of Azerbaijan (1918–1920)
      2. Nariman Narimanov, Chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Committee of Azerbaijan (1920–1921)
    • Prime Minister - Nasib Yusifbeyli, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1919–1920)
  • Belgium
    • Monarch - Albert I, King of the Belgians (1909–1934)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Léon Delacroix, Prime Minister of Belgium (1918–1920)
      2. Henri Carton de Wiart, Prime Minister of Belgium (1920–1921)
  • Bulgaria
    • Monarch - Boris III, Tsar of the Bulgarians (1918–1943)
    • Premier - Aleksandar Stamboliyski, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Bulgaria (1919–1923)
  • Byelorussia
    • the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic was declared on 1 August 1920
    • Communist Party Leader - Vilgelm Knorinsh, First secretary of the Byelorussian Communist Party (1920–1923)
    • Head of State -
      1. Pyotra Krecheuski, Chairman of the Government of Belarus (rival government) (1919–1920)
      2. Jan Sierada, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Belarus (rival government) (1919–1920)
      3. Aleksandr Chervyakov, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Byelorussia (1920–1937)
    • Premier -
      1. Vaclau Lastouski, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Belarus (1919–1920)
      2. Alexander Chervyakov, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Byelorussia (1920–1924)
  • Czechoslovakia
    • President - Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, President of Czechoslovakia (1918–1935)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Vlastimil Tusar, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1919–1920)
      2. Jan Černý, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1920–1921)
  • Carnaro
    • see under Fiume
  • Danzig (free city under League of Nations protection)
    • was established on 15 November 1920
    • High Commissioner - Bernardo Attolico, League of Nations High Commissioner for Danzig (1920–1921)
    • Head of State - Heinrich Sahm, President of the Senate of Danzig (1920–1931)
  • Denmark
    • Monarch - Christian X, King of Denmark (1912–1947)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Carl Theodor Zahle, Prime Minister of Denmark (1913–1920)
      2. Otto Liebe, Prime Minister of Denmark (1920)
      3. Michael Pedersen Friis, Prime Minister of Denmark (1920)
      4. Niels Neergaard, Prime Minister of Denmark (1920–1924)
  • Estonia
    • Head of State -
      1. Jaan Tõnisson, Prime Minister of Estonia (1919–1920)
      2. Ado Birk, Prime Minister of Estonia (1920)
      3. Jaan Tõnisson, Prime Minister of Estonia (1920)
      4. Ants Piip, State Elder of Estonia (1920–1921)
  • Finland
    • President - Kaarlo Juho Ståhlberg, President of Finland (1919–1925)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Juho Vennola, Prime Minister of Finland (1919–1920)
      2. Rafael Erich, Prime Minister of Finland (1920–1921)
  • Fiume
    • the unrecognized Italian Regency of Carnaro was proclaimed on 8 September 1920, but was superseded by the Free State of Fiume on 31 December 1920
    • Head of State -
      1. Gabriele d'Annunzio, Primo Rettore of Carnaro (1920)
      2. Riccardo Gigante, President of the Municipal Council of Fiume (1920)
      3. Antonio Grossich, Chairman of the Provisional Government of Fiume (1920–1921)
  • France
    • President -
      1. Raymond Poincaré, President of France (1913–1920)
      2. Paul Deschanel, President of France (1920)
      3. Alexandre Millerand, President of France (1920–1924)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Georges Clemenceau, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1917–1920)
      2. Alexandre Millerand, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1920)
      3. Georges Leygues, President of the Council of Ministers of France (1920–1921)
  • Georgia
    • Head of State - Nikolay Chkheidze, Chairman of the Constituent Assembly of Georgia (1919–1921)
    • Prime Minister - Noe Zhordania, Prime Minister of Georgia (1918–1921)
  • Germany
    • President - Friedrich Ebert, President of Germany (1919–1925)
    • Chancellor -
      1. Gustav Bauer, Chancellor of Germany (1919–1920)
      2. Hermann Müller, Chancellor of Germany (1920)
      3. Constantin Fehrenbach, Chancellor of Germany (1920–1921)
  • Greece
    • Monarch -
      1. Alexander, King of the Hellenes (1917–1920)
      2. Pavlos Kountouriotis, Regent of Greece (1920)
      3. Queen Olga, Regent of Greece (1920)
      4. Constantine I, King of the Hellenes (1920–1922)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Eleftherios Venizelos, Prime Minister of Greece (1917–1920)
      2. Dimitrios Rallis, Prime Minister of Greece (1920–1921)
  • Hungary
    • the Hungarian Republic was superseded by the Kingdom of Hungary on 21 March 1920
    • Head of State -
      1. Károly Huszár, Prime Minister of Hungary (1919–1920)
      2. Miklós Horthy, Regent of Hungary (1920–1944)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Károly Huszár, Prime Minister of Hungary (1919–1920)
      2. Sándor Simonyi-Semadam, Prime Minister of Hungary (1920)
      3. Count Pál Teleki, Prime Minister of Hungary (1920–1921)
  • Iceland
    • Monarch - Christian X, King of Iceland (1918–1944)
    • Prime Minister - Jón Magnússon, Prime Minister of Iceland (1917–1922)
  • Italy
    • Monarch - Victor Emmanuel III, King of Italy (1900–1946)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Francesco Saverio Nitti, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1919–1920)
      2. Giovanni Giolitti, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1920–1921)
  • Latvia
    • Latvia
      • Head of State - Jānis Čakste, President of the Constituent Assembly of Latvia (1918–1927)
      • Prime Minister - Kārlis Ulmanis, Prime Minister of Latvia (1918–1921)
    • Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic
      • disestablished on 13 January 1920
      • Head of State - Pēteris Stučka, Chairman of the Government of Latvia (1918–1920)
  • Liechtenstein
    • Monarch - Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1859–1929)
    • Administrator -
      1. Prince Karl Alois, Land Administrator of Liechtenstein (1918–1920)
      2. Joseph Peer, Land Administrator of Liechtenstein (1920–1921)
  • Lithuania
    • President -
      1. Antanas Smetona, President of Lithuania (1918–1920)
      2. Aleksandras Stulginskis, President of Lithuania (1920–1926)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Ernestas Galvanauskas, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1919–1920)
      2. Kazys Grinius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1920–1922)
    • Central Lithuania (unrecognized state)
      • was declared on 12 October 1920
      • Head of State - Lucjan Żeligowski, Head of State of Central Lithuania (1920–1922)
      • Head of Government - Witold Abramowicz, Chairman of the Provisional Commission of Government of Central Lithiania (1920–1921)
  • Luxembourg
    • Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (1919–1964)
    • Prime Minister - Émile Reuter, President of the Government of Luxembourg (1918–1925)
  • Monaco
    • Monarch - Albert I, Prince of Monaco (1889–1922)
    • Head of Government - Raymond Le Bourdon, Minister of State of Monaco (1919–1923)
  • Netherlands
    • Monarch - Wilhelmina, Queen of the Netherlands (1890–1948)
    • Prime Minister - Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands (1918–1925)
  • Norway
    • Monarch - Haakon VII, King of Norway (1905–1957)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Gunnar Knudsen, Prime Minister of Norway (1913–1920)
      2. Otto Bahr Halvorsen, Prime Minister of Norway (1920–1921)
  • Poland
    • Head of State - Józef Piłsudski, Chief of State of Poland (1918–1922)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Leopold Skulski, President of the Ministers of Poland (1919–1920)
      2. Władysław Grabski, President of the Ministers of Poland (1920)
      3. Wincenty Witos, President of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1920–1921)
    • Galicia (unrecognized state)
      • claimed independence between 8 July and 21 September 1920
      • Communist Party Leader - Karl Savrich, Chairman of the Central Committee of Communist Party of Galicia (1920)
      • Head of State - Volodymyr Zatonsky, Chairman of the Galician Revolutionary Committee (1920)
    • Lemko (unrecognized state)
      • disestablished in March 1920
      • Head of State - Jaroslav Kacmarcyk, President of Lemko (1918–1920)
  • Portugal
    • President - António José de Almeida, President of Portugal (1919–1923)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Alfredo de Sá Cardoso, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1919–1920)
      2. Domingos Leite Pereira, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1920)
      3. António Maria Baptista, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1920)
      4. José Ramos Preto, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1920)
      5. António Maria da Silva, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1920)
      6. António Granjo, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1920)
      7. Álvaro de Castro, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1920)
      8. Liberato Pinto, President of the Ministry of Portugal (1920–1921)
  • Romania
    • Monarch - Ferdinand, King of the Romanians (1914–1927)
    • Premier -
      1. Alexandru Vaida-Voevod, President of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1919–1920)
      2. Alexandru Averescu, President of the Council of Ministers of Romania (1920–1921)
  • Russia
    • Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic
      • Head of State - Mikhail Kalinin, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets (1919–1946)
      • Premier - Vladimir Lenin, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Russia (1917–1924)
    • Provisional All-Russian Government
      • dissolved on 14 January 1920
      • Head of State - Alexander Kolchak, Supreme Ruler of Russia (1918–1920)
      • Premier - Viktor Pepelyayev, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Russia (1919–1920)
      • Alash (unrecognized state)
        • reintegrated into Russia on 26 August 1920
        • Head of State - Alikhan Bokeikhanov, Chairman of the Alash Orda (1917–1920)
      • Don (unrecognized state)
        • reintegrated into Russia on 8 January 1920
        • Head of State - Afrikan Bogaevskiy, Ataman of Don (1919–1920)
      • Kuban (partially recognized state)
        • reintegrated into Russia on 17 March 1920
        • Head of State - Fyodor Sushkov, Chairman of Kuban (1919–1920)
      • Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (partially recognized state)
        • overtaken by Russia in June 1920
        • Head of State - Tapa Tchermoeff, Prime Minister of the Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus (1918–1920)
      • North Caucasian Emirate (unrecognized state)
        • reintegrated into Russia on 7 March 1920
        • Monarch - Uzun Haji, Emir of North Caucasus (1919–1920)
      • North Ingria (unrecognized state)
          • reintegrated into Russia on 5 December 1920
          • Head of State -
            1. Georg Elfvengren, Chairman of governing council of North Ingria (1919–1920)
            2. Jukka Tirranen, Chairman of governing council of North Ingria (1920)
  • San Marino
    • Captains Regent -
      1. Moro Morri and Francesco Pasquali, Captains Regent of San Marino (1919–1920)
      2. Marino Rossi and Ciro Francini, Captains Regent of San Marino (1920)
      3. Carlo Balsimelli and Simone Michelotti, Captains Regent of San Marino (1920–1921)
  • Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
    • Monarch - Peter I, King of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1903–1921)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Ljubomir Davidović, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1919–1920)
      2. Stojan Protić, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1920)
      3. Milenko Radomar Vesnić, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1920–1921)
  • Spain
    • Monarch - Alfonso XIII, King of Spain (1886–1931)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Manuel Allendesalazar y Muñoz de Salazar, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1919–1920)
      2. Eduardo Dato e Iradier, President of the Council of Ministers of Spain (1920–1921)
  • Sweden
    • Monarch - Gustaf V, King of Sweden (1907–1950)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Nils Edén, Prime Minister of Sweden (1917–1920)
      2. Hjalmar Branting, Prime Minister of Sweden (1920)
      3. Gerhard Louis De Geer, Prime Minister of Sweden (1920–1921)
  • Switzerland
    • Swiss Federal Council:
      Giuseppe Motta (1911–1940, President), Edmund Schulthess (1912–1935), Felix Calonder (1913–1920), Robert Haab (1917–1929), Ernest Chuard (1919–1928), Karl Scheurer (1919–1929), Jean-Marie Musy (1919–1934), Heinrich Häberlin (1920–1934)
  • Ukraine
    • Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
      • Communist Party Leader -
        1. Rafail Farbman, Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (1919–1920)
        2. Nikolay Nikolayev, Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (1920)
        3. Stanislav Kosior, Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (1920)
        4. Vyacheslav Molotov, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (1920–1921)
      • Head of State - Grigory Petrovsky, Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of Ukraine (1919–1938)
      • Premier -
        1. Grigory Petrovsky, Chairman of the All-Ukrainian Revolutionary Committee (1919–1920)
        2. Christian Rakovsky, Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of Ukraine (1920–1923)
    • Ukrainian People's Republic
      • Head of State - Symon Petliura, Chairman of the Directory of Ukraine (1919–1921)
      • Premier -
        1. Isaak Mazepa, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Ukraine (1919–1920)
        2. Vyacheslav Prokopovych, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Ukraine (1920)
  • United Kingdom
    • Monarch - George V, King of the United Kingdom (1910–1936)
    • Prime Minister - David Lloyd George, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1916–1922)
    • Ireland (unrecognized state)
      • President - Éamon de Valera, President of Dáil Éireann (1919–1922)

Read more about this topic:  List Of State Leaders In 1920

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