Europe
- Abkhazia - Mikheil, Prince of Abkhazia (1822–1864)
- Belgium
- Monarch - Léopold I, King of the Belgians (1831–1865)
- Cabinet Chief -
- Charles Rogier, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1832–1834, 1847–1852, 1857–1868)
- Henri de Brouckère, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1852–1855)
- Denmark
- Monarch - Frederick VII, King of Denmark (1848–1863)
- Prime Minister -
- Adam Wilhelm, Prime Minister of Denmark (1848–1852)
- Christian Albrecht Bluhme, Prime Minister of Denmark (1852–1853)
- France -
- President - Louis Napoleon Bonaparte, President of France (1848–1852), became
- Monarch - Napoleon III, Emperor of the French (1852–1870)
- German Confederation - Franz Joseph of Austria, President of the German Confederation (1850–1866)
- Austria - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria (1848–1916)
- Luxembourg
- Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
- Prime Minister - Jean-Jacques Madelaine Willmar, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1848–1853)
- Prussia -
- Monarch - Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia (1840–1861)
- Prime Minister - Otto von Manteuffel, Minister-President of Prussia (1850–1858)
- Bavaria - Maximilian II, King of Bavaria (1848–1864)
- Saxony - Frederick Augustus, King of Saxony (1836–1854)
- Hanover - George, King of Hanover (1851–1866)
- Württemberg - William, King of Württemberg (1816–1864)
- Greece -
- Monarch - Otto, King of Greece (1832–1862)
- Prime Minister - Antonios Kriezis, Prime Minister of Greece (1849–1854)
- Hungary - Franz Joseph I of Austria, King of Hungary (1848–1916)
- Netherlands
- Monarch - William III, King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
- Prime Minister - Johan Rudolf Thorbecke, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers (1849–1853, 1862–1866, 1871–1872)
- Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
- Monarch - Abd-ul-Mejid I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1839–1861)
- Grand Vizier -
- Mustafa Resid Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1848–1852)
- Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1852)
- Mustafa Resid Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1852)
- Mehmed Emin Ali Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1852)
- Damad Mehmed Ali Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1852–1853)
- Portugal - Maria II, Queen of Portugal (1826–1828, 1834–1853)
- Russia - Nicholas I, Tsar of Russia (1825–1855)
- Spain - Isabella II, Queen of Spain (September 29, 1833–1868)
- Sweden - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Oscar I, King of Sweden (1844–1859)
- Tuscany - Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (1824–1859)
- Two Sicilies - Ferdinand II, King of the Two Sicilies (1830–1859)
- United Kingdom
- Monarch - Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1837–1901)
- Prime Minister -
- Lord John Russell, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1846–1852)
- The Earl of Derby, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1852)
- The Earl of Aberdeen, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1852–1855)
Read more about this topic: List Of State Leaders In 1852
Famous quotes containing the word europe:
“The heritage of the American Revolution is forgotten, and the American government, for better and for worse, has entered into the heritage of Europe as though it were its patrimony—unaware, alas, of the fact that Europe’s declining power was preceded and accompanied by political bankruptcy, the bankruptcy of the nation-state and its concept of sovereignty.”
—Hannah Arendt (1906–1975)
“All the terrors of the French Republic, which held Austria in awe, were unable to command her diplomacy. But Napoleon sent to Vienna M. de Narbonne, one of the old noblesse, with the morals, manners, and name of that interest, saying, that it was indispensable to send to the old aristocracy of Europe men of the same connection, which, in fact, constitutes a sort of free- masonry. M. de Narbonne, in less than a fortnight, penetrated all the secrets of the imperial cabinet.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)
“You can always tell a Midwestern couple in Europe because they will be standing in the middle of a busy intersection looking at a wind-blown map and arguing over which way is west. European cities, with their wandering streets and undisciplined alleys, drive Midwesterners practically insane.”
—Bill Bryson (b. 1951)