Middle East and North Africa
- Abu Dhabi -
- Co-Shaikh - Shakhbut bin Dhiyab, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1818–1833)
- Co-Shaikh - Tahnun bin Shakhbut, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1818–1833)
- Ajman - Rashid bin Humayd, Shaikh of Ajman (1816–1838)
- Bahrain - Shiekh Sulman ibn Ahmad Al Khalifah, Ruler of Bahrain (1796–1825)
- Egypt - Muhammad Ali Pasha, Governor of Egypt (1805–1848)
- Kel Ahaggar - Ag Mama ag Sidi, Ruler of Kel Ahaggar (1790–1830)
- Kuwait - Sheikh Jabir ibn Abdullah Al Sabah, Ruler of Kuwait (1814–1859)
- Lebanon - Bashir ibn al-Qasim ibn Umar, Emir of Lebanon (1801–1821)
- Morocco - Slimane, Sultan of Morocco (1792–1822)
- Oman - Sa'id II ibn Sultan, Sultan of Oman (1804–1856)
- Persia - Fat′h Ali Shah Qajar, Shah of Persia (1797–1834)
- Tunis (under Ottoman suzerainty) - Mahmud, Bey of Tunis (1814–1824)
Read more about this topic: List Of State Leaders In 1819
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“There’s no telling what might have happened to our defense budget if Saddam Hussein hadn’t invaded Kuwait that August and set everyone gearing up for World War II½. Can we count on Saddam Hussein to come along every year and resolve our defense-policy debates? Given the history of the Middle East, it’s possible.”
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“In Africa I had indeed found a sufficiently frightful kind of loneliness but the isolation of this American ant heap was even more shattering.”
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