List of State Leaders in 1816 - Europe

Europe

• Andorra –
  • Bishop of Urgell –
    1. Francesc Antoni de la Dueña y Cisneros, Bishop of Urgel (1797–1816)
    2. Temporarily vacant (1816–1817)
  • Louis XVIII, King of France (1815–1824)

• Athos – Kyrillos VI, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (1813–1818)
• Austria – Franz I, Emperor of Austria (1804–1835)
• Croatia – Ignjat Gyulay Maros-Nemeth, Ban of Croatia (1806–1831)
• Denmark
  • Monarch – Frederick VI, King of Denmark (1808–1839)
  • Prime Minister – Joachim Godske, Minister of State of Denmark (1814–1818)
  • See also Colonial governors in 1816
• Finland – Alexander I, Grand Duke of Finland (1809–1825)
• France
  • Monarch – Louis XVIII, King of France (1815–1824)
  • Prime Minister – Duc de Richelieu, Prime Minister of France (1815–1818)
    • See also Colonial governors in 1816
• German Confederation – Emperor Franz I of Austria, President of the German Confederation (1815–1835)
  • Austria – Franz I, Emperor of Austria (1792*-1835) *Note: Leader of Austria held the title of Archduke prior to 1804
  • Bohemia – Franz, King of Bohemia (1792–1835)
  • Prussia –
    • Monarch – Friedrich Wilhelm III, King of Prussia (1797–1840)
    • Chief Minister – Prince Karl August von Hardenberg, Chief Minister of Prussia (1810–1822)
  • Also see List of German rulers in 1816
• Guastalla – Maria Luigia, Duchess of Guastalla (1814–1847)
• Hungary – Francis, King of Hungary (1792–1835)
• Lucca – Maria Luisa, Duchess of Lucca (1817–1824)
• Massa and Carrara – Maria Beatrice Riccarda III, Duchess of Massa and Princess of Carrara (1814–1829)
• Modena – Francesco IV, Duke of Modena and Reggio (1814–1831)
• Moldavia – Scarlat Callimachi, Vovoid of Moldavia (1812–1819)
• Monaco – Honoré IV, Prince of Monaco (1814–1819)
• Montenegro – Petar I Petrović Njegoš, Prince-Bishop of Montenegro (1782–1830)
• Naples – Ferdinand IV, King of Naples (1815–1816, then King of the Two Sicilies)
• Netherlands – William I, King of the Netherlands (1815–1840)
  • See also Colonial governors in 1816
• Norway – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway – Kingdom of Sweden-Norway
  • Monarch – Carl III, King of Norway (1814–1818)
  • Viceroy – Crown Prince Carl Johan (Bernadotte), Crown Prince of Norway (1814 and 1816)
  • Governor –
    1. Hans Henrik von Essen, Governor of Norway (1814–1816)
    2. Carl Carlsson Mörner, Governor of Norway (1816–1818)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
  • Monarch – Mahmud II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1808–1839)
  • Grand Vizier – Mehmed Emin Rauf Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1815–1818)
• Papal States – Pope Pius VII (1800–1823)
• Parma – Maria Luigia, Duchess of Parma and Piacenza (1814–1847)
• Piedmont-Sardinia – Victor Emmanuel I, King of Sardinia (1802–1821)
• Poland – Alexander I, King of Poland (1815–1825)
• Portugal –
  1. Maria I Francisca, Queen of Portugal (1777 – 20 Mar. 1816)
  2. John VI, King of Portugal (1816–1826)
  • See also Colonial governors in 1816
• Prussia –
  • Monarch – Friedrich Wilhelm III, King of Prussia (1797–1840)
  • Chief Minister – Karl August von Hardenberg, Chancellor of Prussia (1810–1822)
• Russia – Alexander I, Tsar of Russia (1801–1825)
• San Marino – Francesco Maria Belluzzi and Filippo Filippi (Oct. 1815 – Apr. 1816), Camillo Bonelli and Pietro Berti (Apr. 1816 – Oct. 1816), Luigi Giannini and Matteo Martelli (Oct. 1816 – Apr. 1817), Captains-Regent of San Marino
• Serbia – Milos Obrenovic I, Prince of Serbia (1815–1839); technically unofficial
• Sicily – Ferdinand III, King of Sicily (1759–1816, then King of the Two Sicilies)
• Spain – Fernando VII, King of Spain (1808, 1813–1833)
  • See also Colonial governors in 1816
• Sweden – United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway –
  • Monarch – Charles XIII, King of Sweden (1809–1818)
  • Regent – Charles John, Crown Prince of Sweden (1810–1818)
    • See also Colonial governors in 1816
• Switzerland – Hans von Reinhard, President of the Diet of the Swiss Confederation (1816)
• Tuscany – Ferdinando III, Grand Duke of Tuscny (1814–1824)
• Two Sicilies – Ferdinand I, King of the Two Sicilies (1816–1825) (from 1759 King Ferdinand IV of Naples and King Ferdinand III of Sicily)
• United Kingdom
  • Monarch – George III, King of the United Kingdom (1760–1820)
  • Regent – The Prince of Wales, Regent of the United Kingdom (1811–1820)
  • Prime Minister – The Earl of Liverpool, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1812–1827)
• Wallachia – Jean Georges Caradja, Prince of Wallachia (1812–1818)