List of Afghan Rulers in present-day Afghanistan with capital at Herat
| Term | Incumbent | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Shahs (Kings) | ||
| Saddozay Dynasty of Popalzay | ||
| July 1747 to 16 October 1772 | Ahmad Shah Dorr-e Dorran | Shah at Kabul |
| 16 October 1772 to 18 May 1793 | Timur Shah | Shah at Kabul |
| 23 May 1793 to 1797 | Zaman Shah | Shah at Kabul |
| 1797 to 1797 | Mahmud Shah | 1st Term |
| 1797 to 1801 | Zaman Shah | Shah at Kabul |
| July 1803 to 1803 | Mahmud Shah | Shah at Kabul |
| 13 July 1803 to 1809 | Shoja' al-Molk Shah | Shah at Kabul |
| 3 May 1808 to 1808 | Qaysar Shah | Shah at Kabul |
| 3 May 1809 to 1818 | Mahmud Shah | Shah at Kabul |
| 1818 to 1819 | Mahmud Shah | 2nd Term |
| 1819 to 1819 | Shirdil Khan Mohammadzay | Shah at Kandahar |
| 1819 to 1826 | Mahmud Shah | 3rd Term |
| 1826 to March 1842 | Kamran Shah | |
| March 1842 to 1 June 1851 | Yar Mohammad Khan Alikozay (minister-regent) | |
| 1 June 1851 to 15 September 1855 | Sayyed Mohammad Khan Alikozay (minister-regent) | |
| 15 September 1855 to June 1856 | Mohammad Yusuf Khan Mohammadzay (regent) | |
| June 1856 to October 1856 | Isa Khan Bardorani (minister-regent) | |
| October 1856 to 27 July 1857 | Naser ad-Din Qajar, Shahanshah of Iran | Iranian occupation |
| Emirs | ||
| Mohammadzay Dynasty of Barakzay | ||
| 27 July 1857 to 26 May 1863 | Soltan Ahmad Khan, Amir al-Mo'menin | |
| 26 May 1863 to 9 June 1863 | Dost Mohammad Khan, Amir al-Mo'menin | Emir at Kabul |
| 9 June 1863 to 8 September 1868 | Shir 'Ali Khan, Amir al-Mo'menin | |
| 8 September 1868 to 21 February 1879 | Shir 'Ali Khan, Amir al-Mo'menin | Emir at Kabul |
| 21 February 1879 to 12 October 1879 | Mohammad Ya`qub Khan, Amir al-Mo'menin | Emir at Kabul |
| March 1880 to 2 October 1881 | Mohammad Ayyub Khan |
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—Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (1841–1935)
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—Lawrence Kutner (20th century)
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