The Jules Ferry Laws are a set of French Laws which established free education (1881), then mandatory and laic education (1882). Jules Ferry, a lawyer holding the office of Minister of Public Instruction in the 1880s, is widely credited for creating the modern Republican School (l'école républicaine). The dual system of state and church schools that were largely staffed by religious officials was replaced by state schools and lay school teachers. The educational reforms enacted by Jules Ferry are often attributed to a broader anti-clerical campaign in France.
Read more about Jules Ferry Laws: History, Philosophy, Laws of 1881
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““Ferry me across the water,
Do, boatman, do.”
“If you’ve a penny in your purse
I’ll ferry you.””
—Christina Georgina Rossetti (1830–1894)
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—Susan B. Anthony (1820–1906)