Jenkinson is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
- Anthony Jenkinson (1529–1610/1611), English explorer
- Jenkinson Baronets, holders of the two British baronetcies for people with the surname Jenkinson
- Charles Jenkinson, 1st Earl of Liverpool
- Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool
- Charles Jenkinson, 3rd Earl of Liverpool
- Clay S. Jenkinson (born 1955), American author
- David Jenkinson (1934–2004), English railway modeller and historian
- Denis Jenkinson (1921–1997), English motorsport journalist
- Kate Jenkinson, Australian actress
- Leigh Jenkinson (born 1969), English footballer
- Carl Jenkinson (born 1992), Finland footballer