Japonic Languages - Members

Members

The Japonic (or Japanese–Ryukyuan) languages are:

  • Japanese (日本語)
    • Hachijō (conservative dialects of the Hachijōjima and Daitō Islands, including Aogashima)
    • Mainland Japanese
      • Eastern Japanese, most dialects from Nagoya east
      • Western Japanese, most dialects west of Nagoya
      • Kyūshū, Kyūshū
        • Satsugū, southern Kyūshū, around Satsuma, sometimes separated from Kyushu dialect
  • Ryukyuan (琉球語)
    • Amami–Okinawan
      • Amami (奄美語)
      • Okinawan (沖縄語)
    • Miyako (宮古語)
    • Yaeyama (八重山語)
    • Yonaguni (与那国語)

Beckwith, who controversially believes that the closest relatives of Japonic are the Koguryoic languages, includes toponymic material from southern Korea as evidence of a Japonic language there:

  • Yayoi
    • Japanese
    • Pre-Kara†
  • Ryukyuan

It is not clear if "pre-Kara" was related to the language of the later Gaya (Kara) confederacy.

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