Holsteiner Horse - Breed History

Breed History

The Holsteiner breed has been bred in the northernmost region of Germany, Schleswig-Holstein, for over 700 years. The windswept coastal marshes where the breed originated are characterized by rich, wet soil that could dry out and turn cement-like in a matter of hours. Since the 1st century, these fertile marshes were said to be home to an autochthonous horse that was small and suited to the climate.

Organized horse breeding in Holstein was first conducted in the monasteries of Uetersen. Monks were frequently the most literate members of Middle Ages societies, and so accurate record-keeping depended on them. From the small native horses of the Haseldorf marshes, the Uetersen monks began to develop larger horses suitable for riding in times of war, and for agriculture in the demanding environment.

By the 16th century, the horses of Holstein had a distinct reputation, and the breed remained in high demand until the 18th century. As knightly combat gave way to the cavalry, horses used in warfare required more endurance and agility. Similar to other quality European horses of the time, the popularity of Neapolitan and Spanish horses were reflected in the Holsteiner. While not exceptionally tall, they had thick, high-set necks, animated gaits and Roman noses. King Philip II of Spain routinely purchased Holsteiners to populate his stud at Cordoba. Following the Protestant Reformation, the breeding of horses was no longer the responsibility of the monks, but of local officials and individual farmers. As early as 1719, the state offered awards to the finest stallions bred by Holstein farmers. To qualify, the stallion had to be between 4 and 15 years old, stand at least 15.2hh and have sired at least fifteen foals in the previous season. Twelve black Holsteiner stallions were purchased in for the foundation of Celle State Stud in 1735. These horses became the foundation of the Hanoverian breed.