Styles and Forms of Address
Most often, a reigning grand duke, and in some families also a hereditary grand duke, were styled as "Royal Highness". Other more junior members of the families generally bore the lower style of "Grand Ducal Highness". For instance, prior to her marriage, Empress Alexandra of Russia was known as "Her Grand Ducal Highness Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine" Ihre Großherzogliche Hoheit Alix Prinzessin von Hessen und bei Rhein).
The Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg however, styles all its members as "Royal Highness" since 1919; this is due to the fact that they are cadet members of the Royal and Ducal House of Bourbon-Parma, as male-line descendants of Prince Felix of Bourbon-Parma.
Historically, grand dukes and grand duchesses from Russia were styled as "Imperial Highness", as being member of the Russian Imperial Family.
Read more about this topic: Grand Duke
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—Neil Kurshan (20th century)
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—Charles Dickens (1812–1870)
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—Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl Chesterfield (1694–1773)