Europe
Although not believed to be common in Europe, earth ovens were used from the Neolithic period onwards with examples from this period found at the sites of Rinyo and Links of Notland on Orkney but are more commonly known in the Bronze and Iron Ages from sites such as Trethellan Farm and Maiden Castle, Dorset. Examples from these periods vary in form but are generally bowl-shaped and shallow in depth (30–45 cm) with diameters between 0.5–2 metres. In Greek cuisine, there is also a tradition of kleftiko ("thief style") dishes, ascribed to anti-Turkish partisans during the Greek war for independence, which involve wrapping the food in clay and cooking in a covered pit, allegedly at first to avoid detection by Turkish forces.
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