E and M Signaling - Number of Wires

Number of Wires

E&M defines 8 wires:

  • E: Originally "Earth", now called "Ear"
  • M: Originally "Magneto", now called "Mouth"
  • SG and SB: Signal Ground and Signal Battery
  • T and R: Tip and Ring - the ground and battery of the receive voice pair
  • T1 and R1: the ground and battery of the transmit voice pair

4-wire E&M uses a 4-wire (2-pair) transmission path for the voice signal. 2-wire E&M uses a single pair for both transmit and receive voice signal. This is much inferior to 4-wire E&M as the 2-wire interface uses hybrid transformers which reduce signal quality and can introduce echo.

Read more about this topic:  E And M Signaling

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