Culture of The Netherlands - Science, Technology and Research

Science, Technology and Research

Most important and internationally awarded scholars and scientists are:

15th Century:

• Laurens Janszoon Coster, (1370–1440), printer

16th Century:

• Desiderius Erasmus, (1466/1469-1536), humanist
• Dirck Volckertszoon Coornhert (1522–1590), humanist

17th Century:

• Baruch de Spinoza, (1632–1677), philosopher
• Herman Boerhaave, (1668–1738), physician
• Ludolph van Ceulen, (1540–1610), mathematician
• Cornelius Drebbel, (1572–1633), inventor & engineer
• Hugo de Groot (Hugo Grotius), (1583–1645), jurist & philosopher
• Christiaan Huygens, (1629–1695), mathematician, astronomer & physicist
• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, (1632–1723), scientist
• Anna Maria van Schurman, (1607–1678), first Dutch female university student and scholar
• Simon Stevin, (1548–1620), mathematician & engineer
• Jan Swammerdam, (1637–1680), scientist

18th century;

• Willem 's Gravesande, (1688–1742), philosopher and mathematician
• Pieter van Musschenbroek, (1692–1761), scientist
• Daniel Bernoulli, (1700–1782), mathematician & physicist

19th century:

• C.H.D. Buys Ballot, (1817–1890), chemist & meteorologist
• H. G. van de Sande Bakhuyzen, (1838–1923), astronomer
• Frederik Kaiser, (1808–1872), astronomer
• Thomas Joannes Stieltjes, (1856–1894), mathematician

20th Century:

• Tobias Asser, (1838–1913), jurist
• Evert Willem Beth, (1908–1964), mathematical logician
• Nico Bloembergen, (1920-), physicist
• Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer, (1881–1966), mathematician
• Hendrik Casimir, (1909–2000), physicist
• Paul J. Crutzen, (1933-), atmospheric chemist
• Peter Debye, (1884–1966), chemist
• Edsger Dijkstra, (1930–2002), computer scientist
• Eugène Dubois, (1858–1944), paleontologist & anatomist
• Christiaan Eijkman, (1858–1930), physician & pathologist
• Willem Einthoven, (1860–1927), physician,
• Anthony Fokker, (1890–1939), aviation engineer
• Samuel Abraham Goudsmit, (1902–1978), physicist
• Arend Heyting, (1898–1980), mathematician
• Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, (1852–1911), chemist
• Gerardus 't Hooft, (1946-), physicist
• Johan Huizinga, (1872–1945), historian
• Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, (1853–1926), physicist
• Jacobus Kapteyn, (1851–1922), astronomer
• Willem Hendrik Keesom, (1878–1956), physicist
• Tjalling Koopmans, (1910–1985), economist 1975
• Willem Kolff, (1911–2009), physician & inventor
• Hendrik Anthony Kramers, (1894–1952), physicist
• Hendrik Lorentz, (1853–1928), physicist
• Simon van der Meer, (1925-), physicist
• Jan Oort, (1900–1992), astronomer
• Jan Tinbergen, (1903–1994), economist
• Nico Tinbergen, (1907–1988), ethologist
• Martinus J. G. Veltman, (1931-), physicist
• Hugo de Vries, (1848–1937), geneticist
• Johannes Diderik van der Waals, (1837–1923), physicist
• Pieter Zeeman, (1865–1943), physicist
• Frits Zernike, (1888–1966), physicist
• Hendrik Zwaardemaker, (1857–1930), scientist