In geometry, coaxial means that two or more forms share a common axis; it is the three-dimensional linear analogue of concentric.
Coaxial cable, as a common example, has a wire conductor in the centre (D) a circumferential outer conductor (B) and an insulating medium called the dielectric (C) separating these two conductors. The outer conductor is usually sheathed in a protective PVC outer jacket (A).
The dimension and material of the conductors and insulation determine the cable's characteristic impedance and attenuation at various frequencies.
In loudspeaker design, coaxial speakers are a loudspeaker system in which the individual driver units radiate sound from the same point or axis.
A coaxial weapon mount places two weapons on the same axis - as the weapons are usually side-by-side or one on top of the other, they are technically par-axial rather than coaxial, however the distances involved mean that they are effectively coaxial as far as the operator is concerned.