Chronic Kidney Disease - Causes

Causes

The most common causes of CKD are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. Together, these cause approximately 75% of all adult cases. Certain geographic areas have a high incidence of HIV nephropathy.

Historically, kidney disease has been classified according to the part of the renal anatomy that is involved.

• Vascular, includes large vessel disease such as bilateral renal artery stenosis and small vessel disease such as ischemic nephropathy, hemolytic-uremic syndrome and vasculitis
• Glomerular, comprising a diverse group and subclassified into
  • Primary Glomerular disease such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and IgA nephritis
  • Secondary Glomerular disease such as diabetic nephropathy and lupus nephritis
• Tubulointerstitial including polycystic kidney disease, drug and toxin-induced chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis and reflux nephropathy
• Obstructive such as with bilateral kidney stones and diseases of the prostate
• On rare cases, pin worms infecting the kidney can also cause nephropathy.