Advocates in England and Wales
In England and Wales Advocates and Proctors practiced civil law in the admiralty and ecclesiastical courts in a similar way to Barristers and Attorneys or Solicitors in the common law and equity courts.
Advocates, who formed the senior branch of the legal profession in their field, were Doctors of Law of Oxford or Cambridge and Fellows of the Society of Doctors' Commons.
Advocates lost their exclusive rights of audience in probate and divorce cases when the crown took these matters over from the church in 1857, and in admiralty cases in 1859. The society was never formally wound up, but their building was sold off in 1865 and the last advocate died in 1912.
Barristers were admitted to the Court of Arches of the Church of England in 1867. More recently, Solicitor Advocates have also been allowed to play this role.
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