A sop is a piece of bread soaked in a liquid. SOP can also refer to any of the following:
- Standard operating procedure
- Sales and operations planning (S&OP)
- Semantic-oriented programming
- Service-oriented programming
- Service-oriented provisioning
- Small outline package, a form factor of small-outline integrated circuit
- SOP (IRC), SuperOp (also written as SOp), a level of IRC channel operator access usually managed via ChanServ type IRC services
- SOP (Philippine TV show), a musical variety show in the Philippines
- Structure–organization–process
- Subject-oriented programming
- Sum of products
- IATA code for Moore County Airport (North Carolina)