Multi-link Suspension

A multi-link suspension is a type of vehicle suspension design typically used in independent suspensions, using three or more lateral arms, and one or more longitudinal arms. A wider definition considers any independent suspensions having 3 control arms or more multi-link suspensions. These arms do not have to be of equal length, and may be angled away from their 'obvious' direction.

Typically each arm has a spherical joint (ball joint) or rubber bushing at each end. Consequently they react to loads along their own length, in tension and compression, but not in bending. Some multi-links do use a trailing arm or wishbone, which has two bushings at one end.

On a front suspension one of the lateral arms is replaced by the tie-rod, which connects the rack or steering box to the wheel hub.

In order to simplify understanding it is usual to consider the function of the arms in each of three orthogonal planes.

Solid Axle Configuration

For a solid axle vehicle the multi link suspension provides control of the axle during suspension cycling and to locate the axle under the vehicle. The most common is the 4 link with panhard bar. This is found in many cars and pickup trucks. The 4 link is also used heavily in off road racing and drag racing. The 4 link for a solid axle has a few variations such as the triangulated 4 link and double triangulated 4 link. Although common in off-road vehicles these are not commonly found on the street.