List of State Leaders in 1994 - Europe

Europe

  • Albania -
    • President - Sali Berisha, President of Albania (1992–1997)
    • Prime Minister - Aleksander Meksi, Prime Minister of Albania (1992–1997)
  • Andorra -
    • Monarchs -
      • French Co-Prince - François Mitterrand, French Co-Prince of Andorra (1981–1995)
      • Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Martí i Alanis, Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra (1971–2003)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Òscar Ribas Reig, Head of Government of Andorra (1990–1994)
      2. Marc Forné Molné, Head of Government of Andorra (1994–2005)
  • Armenia -
    • President - Levon Ter-Petrossian, President of Armenia (1990–1998)
    • Prime Minister - Hrant Bagratyan, Prime Minister of Armenia (1993–1996)
  • Austria -
    • President - Thomas Klestil, Federal President of Austria (1992–2004)
    • Chancellor - Franz Vranitzky, Federal Chancellor of Austria (1986–1997)
  • Azerbaijan -
    • President - Heydar Aliyev, President of Azerbaijan (1993–2003)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Suret Huseynov, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1993–1994)
      2. Fuad Guliev, Prime Minister of Azerbaijan (1994–1996)
    • Nagorno-Karabakh (unrecognized, secessionist state)
      • Head of State -
        1. Garen Baburyan, Acting Chairman of the Parliament of Nagorno-Karabakh (1993–1994)
        2. Robert Kocharyan, President of Nagorno-Karabakh (1994–1997)
      • Prime Minister -
        1. Robert Kocharyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (1992–1994)
        2. Leonard Petrosyan, Prime Minister of Nagorno-Karabakh (1994–1998)
  • Belarus -
    • Head of State -
      1. Stanislau Shushkevich, Chairman of Supreme Soviet of Republic of Belarus (1991–1994)
      2. Vyacheslav Kuznetsov, Acting Chairman of Supreme Soviet of Republic of Belarus (1994)
      3. Myechyslaw Hryb, Chairman of Supreme Soviet of Republic of Belarus (1994)
      4. Alexander Lukashenko, President of Belarus (1994–present)
    • Premier -
      1. Vyachaslau Kebich, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Belarus (1990–1994)
      2. Mikhail Chigir, Prime Minister of Belarus (1994–1997)
  • Belgium -
    • Monarch - Albert II, King of the Belgians (1993–present)
    • Prime Minister - Jean-Luc Dehaene, Prime Minister of Belgium (1992–1999)
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina -
    • President - Alija Izetbegović, President of Bosnia and Herzegovina (1990–1996)
    • Prime Minister - Haris Silajdžić, Prime Minister of Bosnia and Hercegovina (1993–1996)
  • Bulgaria -
    • President - Zhelyu Zhelev, President of Bulgaria (1990–1997)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Lyuben Berov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1992–1994)
      2. Reneta Indzhova, Acting Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1994–1995)
  • Croatia -
    • President - Franjo Tuđman, President of Croatia (1990–1999)
    • Prime Minister - Nikica Valentić, President of the Government of Croatia (1993–1995)
    • Republic of Serbian Krajina (unrecognized secessionist state)
      • President -
        1. Goran Hadžić, President of Serbian Krajina (1992–1994)
        2. Milan Martić, President of Serbian Krajina (1994–1995)
      • Prime Minister -
        1. Djordje Bjegovic, Prime Minister of Serbian Krajina (1993–1994)
        2. Borislav Mikelić, Prime Minister of Serbian Krajina (1994–1995)
  • Cyprus -
    • President - Glafcos Clerides, President of Cyprus (1993–2003)
    • Northern Cyprus (unrecognized, secessionist state)
      • President - Rauf Denktaş, President of Northern Cyprus (1975–2005)
      • Prime Minister -
        1. Derviş Eroğlu, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (1985–1994)
        2. Hakkı Atun, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (1994–1996)
  • Czech Republic -
    • President - Václav Havel, President of the Czech Republic (1993–2003)
    • Prime Minister - Václav Klaus, Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (1992–1997)
  • Denmark
    • Monarch - Margrethe II, Queen of Denmark (1972–present)
    • Prime Minister - Poul Nyrup Rasmussen, Prime Minister of Denmark (1993–2001)
  • Estonia -
    • President - Lennart Meri, President of Estonia (1992–2001)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Mart Laar, Prime Minister of Estonia (1992–1994)
      2. Andres Tarand, Prime Minister of Estonia (1994–1995)
  • Finland -
    • President -
      1. Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland, (1982–1994)
      2. Martti Ahtisaari, President of Finland, (1994–2000)
    • Prime Minister - Esko Aho, Prime Minister of Finland, (1991–1995)
  • France -
    • President - François Mitterrand, President of France (1981–1995)
    • Prime Minister - Édouard Balladur, Prime Minister of France (1993–1995)
  • Georgia -
    • Head of State - Eduard Shevardnadze, Chairman of the Parliament of Georgia (1992–2003)
    • Prime Minister - Otar Patsatsia, Prime Minister of Georgia (1993–1995)
    • Abkhazia (unrecognized secessionist state)
      • President - Vladislav Ardzinba, President of Abkhazia (1990–2005)
      • Prime Minister - Sokrat Jinjolia, Prime Minister of Abkhazia (1993–1994)
    • South Ossetia (unrecognized secessionist state)
      • President - Lyudvig Chibirov, President of South Ossetia (1993–2001)
      • Prime Minister -
        1. Gerasim Khugavey, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (1993–1994)
        2. Eduard Gassiyev, Prime Minister of South Ossetia (1994–1995)
  • Germany -
    • President -
      1. Richard von Weizsäcker, Federal President of Germany (1984–1994)
      2. Roman Herzog, Federal President of Germany (1994–1999)
    • Chancellor - Helmut Kohl, Federal Chancellor of Germany (1982–1998)
  • Greece -
    • President - Konstantinos Karamanlis, President of Greece (1990–1995)
    • Prime Minister - Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister of Greece (1993–1996)
  • Hungary
    • President - Árpád Göncz, President of Hungary (1990–2000)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Péter Boross, Prime Minister of Hungary (1993–1994)
      2. Gyula Horn, Prime Minister of Hungary (1994–1998)
  • Iceland -
    • President - Vigdís Finnbogadóttir, President of Iceland (1980–1996)
    • Prime Minister - Davíð Oddsson, Prime Minister of Iceland (1991–2004)
  • Ireland -
    • President - Mary Robinson, President of Ireland (1990–1997)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Albert Reynolds, Taoiseach of Ireland (1992–1994)
      2. John Bruton, Taoiseach of Ireland (1994–1997)
  • Italy -
    • President - Oscar Luigi Scalfaro, President of Italy (1992–1999)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Carlo Azeglio Ciampi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1993–1994)
      2. Silvio Berlusconi, President of the Council of Ministers of Italy (1994–1995)
  • Latvia -
    • President - Guntis Ulmanis, President of Latvia (1993–1999)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Valdis Birkavs, Prime Minister of Latvia (1993–1994)
      2. Māris Gailis, Prime Minister of Latvia (1994–1995)
  • Liechtenstein -
    • Monarch - Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1989–present)
    • Prime Minister - Mario Frick, Head of Government of Liechtenstein (1993–2001)
  • Lithuania -
    • President - Algirdas Brazauskas, President of Lithuania (1992–1998)
    • Prime Minister - Adolfas Šleževičius, Prime Minister of Lithuania (1993–1996)
  • Luxembourg -
    • Monarch - Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (1964–2000)
    • Prime Minister - Jacques Santer, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1984–1995)
  • Macedonia -
    • President - Kiro Gligorov, President of Macedonia (1991–1999)
    • Prime Minister - Branko Crvenkovski, Prime Minister of Macedonia (1992–1998)
  • Malta -
    • President -
      1. Ċensu Tabone, President of Malta (1989–1994)
      2. Ugo Mifsud Bonnici, President of Malta (1994–1999)
    • Prime Minister - Eddie Fenech Adami, Prime Minister of Malta (1987–1996)
  • Moldova -
    • President - Mircea Snegur, President of Moldova (1989–1997)
    • Prime Minister - Andrei Sangheli, Prime Minister of Moldova (1992–1997)
    • Gagauzia (unrecognized secessionist state)
      • President - Stepan Topal, President of Gagauzia (1990–1995)
    • Transnistria (unrecognized secessionist state)
      • President - Igor Smirnov, President of Transnistria (1990–2011)
  • Monaco -
    • Monarch - Rainier III, Prince of Monaco (1949–2005)
    • Head of Government -
      1. Jaques Dupont, Minister of State of Monaco (1991–1994)
      2. Paul Dijoud, Minister of State of Monaco (1994–1997)
  • Kingdom of the Netherlands
    • Monarch - Beatrix, Queen of the Netherlands (1980–present)
    • Netherlands (constituent country)
      • Prime Minister -
        1. Ruud Lubbers, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1982–1994)
        2. Wim Kok, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (1994–2002)
    • Netherlands Antilles (constituent country)
      • see under North America
    • Aruba (constituent country)
      • see under North America
  • Norway -
    • Monarch - Harald V, King of Norway (1991–present)
    • Prime Minister - Gro Harlem Brundtland, Prime Minister of Norway (1990–1996)
  • Poland -
    • President - Lech Wałęsa, President of Poland (1990–1995)
    • Prime Minister - Waldemar Pawlak, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Poland (1993–1995)
  • Portugal -
    • President - Mário Soares, President of Portugal (1986–1996)
    • Prime Minister - Aníbal Cavaco Silva, Prime Minister of Portugal (1985–1995)
  • Romania -
    • President - Ion Iliescu, President of Romania (1989–1996)
    • Prime Minister - Nicolae Văcăroiu, Prime Minister of Romania (1992–1996)
  • Russia -
    • President - Boris Yeltsin, President of Russia (1990–1999)
    • Prime Minister - Viktor Chernomyrdin, Chairman of the Government of Russia (1992–1998)
    • Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (unrecognized secessionist state)
      • President - Dzhokhar Dudayev, President of Ichkeria (1991–1996)
  • San Marino -
    • Captains Regent -
      1. Gian Luigi Berti and Paride Andreoli, Captains Regent of San Marino (1993–1994)
      2. Alberto Cecchetti and Fausto Mularoni, Captains Regent of San Marino (1994)
      3. Renzo Ghiotti and Luciano Ciavatta, Captains Regent of San Marino (1994–1995)
  • Slovakia -
    • President - Michal Kováč, President of Slovakia (1993–1998)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Vladimír Mečiar, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1992–1994)
      2. Jozef Moravčík, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1994)
      3. Vladimír Mečiar, Prime Minister of Slovakia (1994–1998)
  • Slovenia -
    • President - Milan Kučan, President of Slovenia (1990–2002)
    • Prime Minister - Janez Drnovšek, Prime Minister of Slovenia (1992–2000)
  • Spain -
    • Monarch - Juan Carlos I, King of Spain (1975–present)
    • Prime Minister - Felipe González, President of the Government of Spain (1982–1996)
  • Sweden -
    • Monarch - Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (1973–present)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Carl Bildt, Prime Minister of Sweden (1991–1994)
      2. Ingvar Carlsson, Prime Minister of Sweden (1994–1996)
  • Switzerland -
    • Swiss Federal Council:
      Otto Stich (1983–1995, President), Jean-Pascal Delamuraz (1983–1998), Arnold Koller (1986–1999), Flavio Cotti (1986–1999), Adolf Ogi (1987–2000), Kaspar Villiger (1989–2003), Ruth Dreifuss (1993–2002)
  • Ukraine -
    • President -
      1. Leonid Kravchuk, President of Ukraine (1990–1994)
      2. Leonid Kuchma, President of Ukraine (1994–2005)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Yukhym Zvyahilsky, Acting Prime Minister of Ukraine (1993–1994)
      2. Vitaliy Masol, Prime Minister of Ukraine (1994–1995)
  • United Kingdom -
    • Monarch - Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom (1952–present)
    • Prime Minister - John Major, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (1990–1997)
    • Guernsey (British Crown dependency)
      • Lieutenant-Governor -
        1. Sir Michael Wilkins, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1990–1994)
        2. Sir John Coward, Lieutenant-Governor of Guernsey (1994–2000)
      • Bailiff - Sir Graham Dorey, Bailiff of Guernsey (1992–1999)
    • Jersey (British Crown dependency)
      • Lieutenant-Governor - Sir John Sutton, Lieutenant-Governor of Jersey (1990–1995)
      • Bailiff - Sir Peter Crill, Bailiff of Jersey (1986–1995)
    • Isle of Man (British Crown dependency)
      • Lieutenant-Governor - Sir Laurence Jones, Lieutenant-Governor of Man (1990–1995)
      • Chief minister - Miles Walker, Chief Minister of the Isle of Man (1986–1996)
    • Gibraltar (British dependent territory)
      • Governor - Sir John Chapple, Governor of Gibraltar (1993–1995)
      • Chief Minister - Joe Bossano, Chief Minister of Gibraltar (1988–1996)
  • Vatican City
    • Monarch - Pope John Paul II, Sovereign of Vatican City (1978–2005)
    • President of the Governorate - Rosalio Lara, President of the Governorate of Vatican City (1990–1997)
    • Holy See
      • Secretary of State - Angelo Sodano, Cardinal Secretary of State (1990–2006)
  • Yugoslavia -
    • President - Zoran Lilić, President of Yugoslavia (1993–1997)
    • Prime Minister - Radoje Kontić, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (1993–1998)
    • Republic of Kosova (unrecognized secessionist state)
      • President - Ibrahim Rugova, President of the Republic of Kosova (1992–2000)
      • Prime Minister - Bujar Bukoshi, Prime Minister of the Republic of Kosova (1991–2000)

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    —John Dos Passos (1896–1970)

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    —Don Delillo (b. 1926)

    “Positively I sit here, and look at Europe sink, first one deck disappearing, then another, and the whole ship slowly plunging bow-down into the abyss; until the nightmare gets to be howling. The Roman Empire was a trifle to it.”
    —Henry Brooks Adams (1838–1918)