Akutagawa (芥川?) is a Japanese surname; it may refer to:
- Ryūnosuke Akutagawa (Akutagawa Ryūnosuke, 1892-1927), Japanese poet and writer
- Yasushi Akutagawa (Akutagawa Yasushi, 1925—1989), Japanese composer and conductor, son of Akutagawa Ryunosuke
- David Akutagawa, a 20th century martial artist
- The Akutagawa Prize, literary award