Wave Solder Process
There are many types of wave solder machines; however, the basic components and principles of these machines are the same. A standard wave solder machine consists of three zones: the preheating zone, the fluxing zone, and the soldering zone. An additional fourth zone, cleaning, is used depending on the type of flux applied. The basic equipment used during the process is a conveyor that moves the PCB through the different zones, a pan of solder used in the soldering process, a pump that produces the actual wave, the sprayer for the flux and the preheating pad. The solder is usually a mixture of metals. A typical solder has the chemical makeup of 50% tin, 49.5% lead, and 0.5% antimony. There are three types of waves: normal wave, a medium speed, long leads used for horizontal soldering; cascade wave, high speed, short leads, used for inclined soldering; and flat wave with extenders; medium to high speeds, long leads that is used for horizontal soldering.
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