Examples of Protocols That Provide Virtual Circuits
Examples of transport layer protocols that provide a virtual circuit:
- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), where a reliable virtual circuit is established on top of the underlying unreliable and connectionless IP protocol. The virtual circuit is identified by the source and destination network socket address pair, i.e. the sender and receiver IP address and port number. Guaranteed QoS is not provided.
- Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP), where a virtual circuit is established on top of either the IP protocol or the UDP protocol.
Examples of network layer and datalink layer virtual circuit protocols, where data always is delivered over the same path:
- X.25, where the VC is identified by a virtual channel identifier (VCI). X.25 provides reliable node-to-node communication and guaranteed QoS.
- Frame relay, where the VC is identified by a VCI. Frame relay is unreliable, but may provide guaranteed QoS.
- Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM), where the circuit is identified by a virtual path identifier (VPI) and virtual channel identifier (VCI) pair. ATM is unreliable, but may provide guaranteed QoS.
- General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)
- Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS), which can be used for IP over virtual circuits. Each circuit is identified by a label. MPLS is unreliable, but provides eight different QoS classes.
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