Variational Principle - Examples

Examples

  • Variational principle of Ivar Ekeland
  • Fermat's principle in geometrical optics.
  • The principle of least action in mechanics, electromagnetic theory, and quantum mechanics.
  • Maupertuis principle in classical mechanics.
  • The Einstein equation also involves a variational principle, the Einstein-Hilbert action.
  • Gauss' principle of least constraint.
  • Hertz's principle of least curvature
  • The variational method in quantum mechanics
  • The Finite element method

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