History
After the electoral fall of the PCE in 1982 (from 10% to 3%), IU slowly improved its results, reaching 9% in 1993 (1,800,000 votes) and nearly 11% in 1996 (2,600,000 votes). From 1999 it went into decline, with its support slipping to 5% in 2000. In that election it signed a pact with the Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE).
From 1986 to 1999, its leader was the general secretary of the PCE, Julio Anguita, followed by Francisco Frutos. From 2001 to 2008 it was Gaspar Llamazares, who resigned following poor election results in 2008. From 2008 on it has been led by Cayo Lara. IU has an important support base in Andalusia, Madrid and Asturias, following the communist base of the PCE.
Following the tradition of the Spanish left since the formation of the Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia (PSUC) in 1936 (as communists and socialists joined forces in Catalunya), IU doesn't have any organization of its own in Catalonia. Until 1998 the referent of IU in Catalonia was Initiative for Catalonia (Iniciativa per Catalunya, now known as IC-V). But IC eventually broke relations with IU. A split in PSUC followed and a new Catalonian alliance, United and Alternative Left (Esquerra Unida i Alternativa, EUiA) was formed as the new Catalonian referent of IU.
IU contested the 2008 general election in coalition with IC-V. The coalition got 963,040 votes (3.8%) and two MPs (one of them by IC-V), its worst ever result. The provincial district distribution and the D'Hondt method, which regulates the allocation of seats in the Spanish Congress, favour the main lists in each electoral district. Since IU lists usually finish in third place or lower in each district, their share of seats in the Congress has usually been lower than their share of votes.
IU officially has around 70,000 members and nearly 2,700 councillors.
The 2011 local and regional elections saw IU halt their long term decline with their first gains since 1996. In total IU increased their vote share by nearly 1% from 5.48% in 2007 to 6.33% in 2011, with the group gaining nearly 200 councillors and 12 members of regional assemblies. They suffered setbacks in Córdoba, which they had governed since the 1970s (with the exception of a four-year period in the 1990s) as the People's Party gained control of the council. In the Asturian regional elections, although IU gained a seat, a right wing administration replaced the previous PSOE-IU coalition. In the Spanish general election, 2011, the coalition made major gains - taking 6.9% of the vote and 11 seats, their best result since 1996. It has shared government with the Socialist Party in Andalusia since 2012.
Read more about this topic: United Left (Spain)
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“The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.”
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