United Kingdom
Under Officer is an appointment held by senior Officer Cadets at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst (RMAS) and in the University Officers Training Corps (although these latter are not strictly trainee officers), and is also the highest rank that can be held by cadets in the Combined Cadet Force and Army Cadet Force. There are two separate appointments: Junior Under Officer (JUO) and Senior Under Officer (SUO). They are usually addressed as "JUO" or "SUO" as appropriate, but are not saluted as they do not hold the Queen's Commission. RMAS typically appoint two JUOs per platoon in the final term of the Commissioning Course. The appointment of SUO is not currently used at RMAS. At RMAS and in the UOTCs, JUOs wear an Austrian Knot above a single bar on their rank slide and SUOs wear an Austrian Knot above two bars.
The use of the term in CCF contingents is inconsistent, with some having JUOs and sometimes also SUOs, and others simply having Under Officers. The ACF only has the single appointment of Cadet Under Officer (CUO). The rank badge is a white bar on the rank slide.
The rank of Adult Under Officer (AUO) is an appointment used within ACF counties with adults who are progressing a commission. This appointment is at the discretion of the Cadet Commandant and is represented by a rank slide bearing a single white stripe. The form of address for all cadets, and adults at or below the rank of SMI is 'Sir' or 'Ma'am'.
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