Tropospheric Scatter - Tropospheric Scatter Communications Networks

Tropospheric Scatter Communications Networks

The Tropospheric scatter phenomenon has been used to build both civilian and military communication links in a number of parts of the world, including:-

ACE High

NATO in Europe.

BT (British Telecom)

United Kingdom - Shetland to Mormond Hill

PTT (a Spanish telecomms company)

Spain - Nogueira to Artzamendi

CNT (Canadian telecomms company)

Tsiigehtchic to Galena

Hay River - Port Radium - Lady Franklin Point

Cuba - Florida

Guanabo to Florida City

AT&T Corporation

Chatham, NC - Buckingham, VA - Charlottesville 2, VA - Leesburg 5, VA - Hagerstown 2, MD

Texas Towers - Air defence radars.

Texas Tower 2

Georges Shoal, in 56-foot (17 m) deep water, 110 miles (180 km) east of Cape Cod 41°44′N 67°47′W / 41.733°N 67.783°W / 41.733; -67.783, linked to North Truro, MA.

Texas Tower 3

Nantucket Shoals, in 80-foot (24 m) water, 100 miles (160 km) south-east of Rhode Island 40°45′N 69°19′W / 40.75°N 69.317°W / 40.75; -69.317, linked to Montauk AFB, Long Island, NY.

Texas Tower 4

Un-named Shoal (Unofficially: Old Shaky), in 185-foot (56 m) water, 84 miles (135 km) south-east of New York City 39°48′N 72°40′W (Destroyed, with 28 killed, during a storm on 15 January 1961), linked to Highlands, NJ mainland station.

Texas Tower ?

Cashes Ledge (Lat. 42° 53'N., Long. 68° 57'W., 36-foot depth), 100 miles east of New Hampshire, not built.

Texas Tower ?

Brown's Bank (Lat. 42° 47'N., Long. 65° 37'W., 84foot depth), 75 miles south of Nova Scotia, not built.

Mid Canada Line

A series of five stations (070, 060, 050, 415, 410) in Ontario and Quebec around the lower Hudson Bay.

Pinetree Line, Pole Vault

A series of fourteen stations providing communications for Eastern seaboard radar stations of the US/Canadian Pinetree line, running from N-31 Frobisher Bay, Baffin Island to St. Johns, Labrador.

White Alice

A Military and Civil Communications network with seventy-one stations stretching up the Western seaboard from Port Hardy, Vancouver island North to Barter Island (BAR) and east to Shemya, Alaska (SYA) in the Aleutian Islands.

DEW Training

A training facility for White Alice and the DEW line tropo-scatter network, between Pecatonica, Illinois to Streator, Illinois.

DEW Line

Several tropo-scatter networks providing communications for the extensive air-defence radar chain in the far north of Canada and the US.

NARS

NATO Air-Defence network stretching from RAF Fylingdales, via Mormond Hill, UK, Sornfelli (Faroe Islands), Höfn, Iceland to Keflavik DYE-5, Rockville.

ET-A, USAREUR

A US Army network from RAF Fylingdales to a network in Germany and a single station in France (Maison Fort).

486L, MEDCOM

A US Navy network covering the European coast of the Mediterranean Sea from San Pablo, Spain in the West to Adana AFB, Turkey in the East, with headquarters at Ringstead in Surrey, England.

Royal Air Force

Communications to British Forces Germany, running from Swingate in Kent to Lammersdorf in Germany.

BARS

A Warsaw Pact tropo-scatter network that stretching from near Rostok in the DDR (Deutsches Demokratisches Republik), Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Belarussia USSR, Ukraine USSR, Romania and Bulgaria.

SEVER

A Soviet right network stretching right across the USSR.

India - USSR

A single section from Srinigar, Kashmir, India to Dangara, Tajikstan, USSR.

Indian Air Force

An air-defence network covering the Northern borders of India with at least 32 stations.

Peace Ruby, Spellout, Peace Net

An air-defence network set up by the United States in Iran pre-revolution. Spellout built a radar and comms network in the north of iran. Peace Ruby built another air-defence network in the south and Peace net integrated the two networks.

Bahrain - UAE

A tropo-scatter system linking Al Manamah, Bahrain to Dubai, United Arab Emirates.

RAFO

A tropo-scatter communications system providing military comms to the former SOAF - Sultan of Oman's Air Force, (now RAFO - Royal Air Force of Oman), across the Sultanate of Oman.

RSAF

A Royal Saudi Air Force tropo-scatter network linking major airbases and population centres in Saudi Arabia.

Yemen

A single system linking Sana'a with Sa'dah.

BACK PORCH and IWCS

Two networks run by the United States linking military bases in Thailand and South Vietnam.

Phil - Tai - Oki

A system linking the Philippines with Taiwan.

Japanese Troposcatter Networks

Two networks linking Japanese islands from North to South.