Ti Plasmid - Virulence Region

Virulence Region

Genes in the virulence region are grouped into the operons virABCDEFG, which code for the enzymes responsible for mediating transduction of T-DNA to plant cells.

  • virA codes for a receptor which reacts to the presence of phenolic compounds such as acetosyringone, syringealdehyde or acetovanillone which leak out of damaged plant tissues.
  • virB encodes proteins which produce a pore/pilus-like structure.
  • virC binds the overdrive sequence.
  • virD1 and virD2 produce endonucleases which target the direct repeat borders of the T-DNA segment, vir E Binds to T-strand protecting it from nuclease attack, and intercalates with lipids to form channels in the plant membranes through which the T-complex passes, beginning with the right border.
  • virG (TRANSCRIPTIONAL FACTOR) activates vir-gene expression after binding to a consensus sequence, once it has been phosphorylated by virA.

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