Thorburn is a surname, and may refer to:
- Alexander Thorburn (1836–1894), Scottish-born Canadian politician; provincial legislator in the Northwest Territories 1888–1891
- Archibald Thorburn (1860–1935), Scottish bird illustrator
- Chris Thorburn (born 1983), Canadian ice hockey player
- Cliff Thorburn (born 1948), Canadian snooker player
- Doug Thorburn (contemporary), researcher and the author of books on alcoholism and addiction
- James Thorburn (Canadian physician) (1830–1905), Canadian physician and University of Toronto professor
- Sir James Thorburn (Gold Coast Governor) (1864–1929), British governor of the Gold Coast (now Ghana)
- John A. Thorburn (1946-201 ), American Special Forces soldier and minor actor
- June Thorburn (1931–1967), English actress; killed in an air crash
- Nicholas Thorburn (born 1981), Canadian musician and songwriter
- Paul Thorburn (born 1962), Welsh rugby union football player
- Peter Thorburn (contemporary), New Zealand rugby union coach
- R.A. Thorburn or R.A. the Rugged Man, American rapper
- Ray Thorburn (1930–1986), Australian politician from Cook; member of Parliament 1972–1975
- Robert Thorburn (1836–1906), Scottish-born Canadian politician from Newfoundland; premier of Newfoundland 1885–1889
- Sandy Thorburn (born 1963), Canadian composer and musical director
- Shona Thorburn (born 1982), English professional basketball player in the United States
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