History
By 200 B.C., the Chinese state had emerged from a loose federation of feudal states of the Warring States Period to the unified empire with patrimonal rule. Confucianism emerged to dominate other schools that were growing in the fertile social upheavals of pre-imperial China Daoism (Taoism), Mohism, and Legalism all attacked Confucianism. (c. 400–c. 200 B.C.). One of Confucius's disciples, Mencius, (c. 372–c. 289 B.C.) developed a more idealistic version of Confucianism. Xun Zi (Hsün Tzu, c.313–c.238 B.C.), argued that all inclinations are shaped by acquired language and other social forms. Confucianism rose to the position of an official orthodoxy during the Han dynasty (206 B.C.–A.D. 220). When the Han fell from power, Confucianism fell with them, and lay dormant for approximately 400 years (206 B.C.–A.D. 220).
When the Chinese dynastic power re-established and the introduction of the Chan, Confucianism began to revive (618–906). During the Song (Sung) dynasty (960–1279), Neo-Confucianism — an interpretation of classical Confucian doctrine that addressed Buddhist and Daoist issues fourished. In the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), Wang Yangming claimed that the heart projects li on things rather than just noticing external li. 20th century Chinese intellectuals blamed Confucianism for the scientific and political backwardness of China after the disastrous conflicts with Western military technology at the dawn of the modern era.
Read more about this topic: The Religion Of China: Confucianism And Taoism
Famous quotes containing the word history:
“I saw the Arab map.
It resembled a mare shuffling on,
dragging its history like saddlebags,
nearing its tomb and the pitch of hell.”
—Adonis [Ali Ahmed Said] (b. 1930)
“To history therefore I must refer for answer, in which it would be an unhappy passage indeed, which should shew by what fatal indulgence of subordinate views and passions, a contest for an atom had defeated well founded prospects of giving liberty to half the globe.”
—Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826)
“History ... is, indeed, little more than the register of the crimes, follies, and misfortunes of mankind.
But what experience and history teach is this—that peoples and governments have never learned anything from history, or acted on principles deduced from it.”
—Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831)