Examples of Temperature
| Temperature | Peak emittance wavelength of black-body radiation |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| Kelvin | Degrees Celsius | ||
| Absolute zero (precisely by definition) |
0 K | −273.15 °C | cannot be defined |
| Coldest temperature achieved |
100 pK | −273.149999999900 °C | 29,000 km |
| Coldest Bose–Einstein condensate |
450 pK | −273.14999999955 °C | 6,400 km |
| One millikelvin (precisely by definition) |
0.001 K | −273.149 °C | 2.89777 m (radio, FM band) |
| Water's triple point (precisely by definition) |
273.16 K | 0.01 °C | 10,608.3 nm (long wavelength I.R.) |
| Water's boiling point | 373.1339 K | 99.9839 °C | 7,766.03 nm (mid wavelength I.R.) |
| Incandescent lamp | 2500 K | ≈2,200 °C | 1,160 nm (near infrared) |
| Sun's visible surface | 5,778 K | 5,505 °C | 501.5 nm (green-blue light) |
| Lightning bolt's channel |
28 kK | 28,000 °C | 100 nm (far ultraviolet light) |
| Sun's core | 16 MK | 16 million °C | 0.18 nm (X-rays) |
| Thermonuclear weapon (peak temperature) |
350 MK | 350 million °C | 8.3×10−3 nm (gamma rays) |
| Sandia National Labs' Z machine |
2 GK | 2 billion °C | 1.4×10−3 nm (gamma rays) |
| Core of a high-mass star on its last day |
3 GK | 3 billion °C | 1×10−3 nm (gamma rays) |
| Merging binary neutron star system |
350 GK | 350 billion °C | 8×10−6 nm (gamma rays) |
| Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider |
1 TK | 1 trillion °C | 3×10−6 nm (gamma rays) |
| CERN's proton vs nucleus collisions |
10 TK | 10 trillion °C | 3×10−7 nm (gamma rays) |
| Universe 5.391×10−44 s after the Big Bang |
1.417×1032 K | 1.417×1032 °C | 1.616×10−26 nm (Planck Length) |
- A For Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water at one standard atmosphere (101.325 kPa) when calibrated strictly per the two-point definition of thermodynamic temperature.
- B The 2500 K value is approximate. The 273.15 K difference between K and °C is rounded to 300 K to avoid false precision in the Celsius value.
- C For a true black-body (which tungsten filaments are not). Tungsten filaments' emissivity is greater at shorter wavelengths, which makes them appear whiter.
- D Effective photosphere temperature. The 273.15 K difference between K and °C is rounded to 273 K to avoid false precision in the Celsius value.
- E The 273.15 K difference between K and °C is without the precision of these values.
- F For a true black-body (which the plasma was not). The Z machine's dominant emission originated from 40 MK electrons (soft x–ray emissions) within the plasma.
Read more about this topic: Temperature
Famous quotes containing the words examples of, examples and/or temperature:
“There are many examples of women that have excelled in learning, and even in war, but this is no reason we should bring ‘em all up to Latin and Greek or else military discipline, instead of needle-work and housewifry.”
—Bernard Mandeville (1670–1733)
“In the examples that I here bring in of what I have [read], heard, done or said, I have refrained from daring to alter even the smallest and most indifferent circumstances. My conscience falsifies not an iota; for my knowledge I cannot answer.”
—Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592)
“This pond never breaks up so soon as the others in this neighborhood, on account both of its greater depth and its having no stream passing through it to melt or wear away the ice.... It indicates better than any water hereabouts the absolute progress of the season, being least affected by transient changes of temperature. A severe cold of a few days’ duration in March may very much retard the opening of the former ponds, while the temperature of Walden increases almost uninterruptedly.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)